Analysis of Exhaust Emissions with Low Heat Loss Diesel Engine with Alternate Fuels| Chapter 3 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 7

 Gaseous fuel is an efficient and environmentally-friendly energy source over traditional fuels and are highly combustible and produce a lot of energy per unit volume.  It provides  a high energy density per unit volume and  little toxic by-products when combusted which reduces air pollution problems. Gaseous fuel help to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. For these reasons, gaseous fuel is becoming increasingly popular and is likely to continue to be used more and more in the future. Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel derived from plants, consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters. It is a renewable and clean-burning fuel that is made from waste vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease for use in diesel vehicles. Biodiesel produces less toxic pollutants and greenhouse gases than petroleum diesel and it improves engine lubrication and increases engine life since it is virtually sulfur-free.The drawbacks associated with use of vegetable oils in diesel engines such as high viscosity and low volatility can be reduced to some extent by converting them into biodiesel. However, they cause combustion problems in diesel engine, due to their moderate viscosity, and hence call for low heat rejection (LHR) engine, which can burn low calorific value fuel, give high heat release rate and faster rate of combustion. The concept of ceramic coated engine is to minimize heat loss to the coolant, thereby increasing thermal efficiency. LHR engine in this investigation consisted of ceramic coated diesel engine.They are many methods to induct gaseous fuels such as port injection, carburetion technique, injection of gaseous fuel at the near end of compression stroke etc,.Investigations were carried out with biogas gas as primary fuel inducted by port injection and cottonseed biodiesel was injected into the engine in conventional manner. Particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon mono oxide (CO) levels and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. They also cause environmental effects like green-house effect and global warming. Hence control of these emissions is an immediate effect and an urgent step. The pollutants of PM, NOx,CO and UBHC were determined at full load operation of the engine with varied injection timing such as recommended injection timing and optimum injection timing. NOx levels were reduced with provision of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at optimum flow rate of 10%. The maximum induction of biogas with conventional engine (CE) was 35% of total mass of biodiesel as full load operation, while it was 45% with ceramic coated diesel engine (LHR). Particulate emissions were determined by AVL Smoke meter, while other emissions were measured by Netel Chromatograph multi-gas analyzer at full load operation. These pollutants were drastically reduced with induction of biogas and further reduced with advanced injection timing.  

Author(s) Details:

B. Rama Krishna,
Mechatronics Engineering Department, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad, India.

M. V. S. Murali Krishna,
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad, India.

P. Usha Sri,
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V7/article/view/9118

Study about Cardiac Anesthesia as Super-specialty: A Clinical Approach | Chapter 20 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 The development and progress of cardiac anaesthesia has been rapid, despite the fact that it has only been around for a short time. This essentially got up steam in the late 1990s, despite the fact that it began in the 1950s. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a type of heart surgery that has transformed the lives of individuals suffering from severe or multiple coronary artery disease. Apart from cardiac output monitoring, brain tissue oxygen monitoring has also aided cardiac anaesthetic management. Cardiac surgery was known for requiring a large amount of blood and its derivatives. Apart from the considerable health risks associated with transfusions, this resulted in the waste of these valuable assets. During heart surgery, bleeding and abnormal coagulopathy are fairly common.

Author(S) Details

Manjula Sarkar
Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anaesthesia, Seth GSMC and KEM, Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V12/article/view/4686

Investigations on Exhaust Emissions of a Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine with Alternative Fuels | Chapter 11 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6

 The search for alternative fuels has become necessary in light of the rapid depletion of conventional fuels. Because they are renewable, alcohols and vegetable oils are important diesel substitutes. Vegetable oils have a calorific value and cetane number that are comparable to diesel fuel. Alcohols have the advantage of having a high volatility and having oxygen in their chemical structure or makeup. Vegetable oils, on the other hand, have the disadvantages of high viscosity and moderate volatility. Alcohols have a low cetane number (a measure of the quality of combustion in a diesel engine) and a poor calorific value. As a result, vegetable oils and alcohols necessitate a diesel engine with a low heat rejection (LHR). It can solve the problem of vegetable oils and alcohols combusting. Exhaust emissions from various variants of low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines, such as the LHR-1 engine (ceramic coated engine), LHR-2 engine (air gap insulated engine), and LHR-3 engine (combination of LHR-1 and LHR-2 engine) using carbureted butanol and unrefined jatropha oil, were investigated (CJO). As a result, the benefits of vegetable oil and alcohol can be used to reduce engine pollution. At full load operation, exhaust emissions of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and aldehydes from several LHR engine designs were measured. a traditional engine (CE). Particulate matter and NOx were measured using an AVL Smoke metre and a Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer, respectively, at full load operation. At full load operation, aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were assessed using a wet approach known as the dinitrophenyle (DNPH) method. With carbureted butanol, LHR variants of the engine reduced exhaust pollutants significantly. In different variants of the engine, increasing the injection pressure reduced emissions even more.

Author(s) Details

Dr. M. V. S. Murali Krishna
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. V. V. R. Seshagiri Rao
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. R. P. Chowdary
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. N. Janardhan
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Mr. N. Venkateswara Rao
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. T. Ratna Reddy
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V6/article/view/2837