Experimental Investigations on Performance and Emissions of Spark Ignition Engine | Chapter 3 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 4

Goal: In addition to seriously endangering human health, internal combustion engine exhaust pollutants also disrupt the environment. Studies were conducted to assess the performance of a four-stroke, single-cylinder, variable-compression-ratio engine with copper coating [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 m) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] equipped with catalytic converter and sponge iron as catalyst using various test fuels, including neat gasoline, gasohol (80 percent gasoline and 20 percent ethanol by volume), and methanol blended gasoline.

Study Design: Brake thermal efficiency, compression ratio, and speed performance characteristics (BTE), Different quantities of brake mean effective pressure were combined with variations in exhaust gas temperature (EGT) (BMEP).

Methodology: Using various BMEP values, the exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) were measured. A catalytic converter utilising sponge iron and manganese ore as catalysts was included with the engine. The catalytic converter might be injected with air if necessary. The effectiveness of the catalysts was contrasted with one another.

Brief outcomes: Gasohol improved the thermal efficiency of the brakes in both engine configurations. With both test fuels, CCE demonstrated improved performance as compared to CE. With increasing compression ratio and just slightly increasing engine speed, brake thermal efficiency increased. With both types of engines, gasoline containing methanol successfully reduced exhaust emissions as compared to gasoline. With various test fuels, the catalytic converter with air injection considerably decreased emissions on both engine designs.

Author(s) Details:

M. V. S. Murali Krishna,

Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad- 500 075, India.

Ch. Indira Priyadarshni,

Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad- 500 075, India.

Ipsita Mohanthi,

Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad- 500 075, India.

K. N. V. Sridevi,

Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad- 500 075, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V4/article/view/7308

Investigations on Emissions of Copper Coated Spark Ignition Engines with Methanol Blended Gasoline | Chapter 5 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 The Problem's Background: Exhaust emissions from spark ignition engines include carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and aldehydes. They induce health dangers such as vomiting, severe headaches, dizziness, haemoglobin loss, respiratory disorders such as TB, and are carcinogenic in nature if breathed. As a result, controlling these emissions is a top priority. In the face of rapidly depleting fossil resources, rising pollution levels from fossil fuels, and rising economic burdens owing to crude petroleum imports, the hunt for alternative fuels has become critical. Alcohols are ineffective gasoline alternatives since their characteristics are similar.

Aim: Exhaust emissions of two stroke and four stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engines with copper coated engines [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 microns)] were investigated.) coated on piston crown and inner surface of cylinder head] with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and methanol mixed gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) compared to conventional engine (CE) with plain gasoline operation.

Engine configurations CE and CCE, test fuels of plain gasoline and methanol mixed gasoline, with and without catalytic converter, and other design variables.

Methodology: CO, UBHC, and NOx exhaust emissions were measured using a Netel Chromatograph Multi Gas Analyzer at various brake mean effective pressures (BMEP). The wet technique was used to test aldehydes. A catalytic converter with sponge iron as a catalyst was installed in the engine. Air might be injected into the catalytic converter if necessary.

Brief Results: With both test fuels, CCE exhibited an improvement in exhaust emissions as compared to CE. In both variants of the engine, the 4-stroke engine reduced exhaust emissions more efficiently than the 2-stroke engine. With varied test fuels and both engine types, a catalytic converter with air injection dramatically decreased emissions.

Author(s) Details:

M. V. S. Murali Krishna,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad- 500 075, India.

Ch. Indira Priyadarshni,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad- 500 075, India.

Ipsita Mohanthi,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad- 500 075, India.

K. N. V. Sridevi,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad- 500 075, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V7/article/view/7082

Investigations on Exhaust Emissions of a Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine with Alternative Fuels | Chapter 11 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6

 The search for alternative fuels has become necessary in light of the rapid depletion of conventional fuels. Because they are renewable, alcohols and vegetable oils are important diesel substitutes. Vegetable oils have a calorific value and cetane number that are comparable to diesel fuel. Alcohols have the advantage of having a high volatility and having oxygen in their chemical structure or makeup. Vegetable oils, on the other hand, have the disadvantages of high viscosity and moderate volatility. Alcohols have a low cetane number (a measure of the quality of combustion in a diesel engine) and a poor calorific value. As a result, vegetable oils and alcohols necessitate a diesel engine with a low heat rejection (LHR). It can solve the problem of vegetable oils and alcohols combusting. Exhaust emissions from various variants of low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines, such as the LHR-1 engine (ceramic coated engine), LHR-2 engine (air gap insulated engine), and LHR-3 engine (combination of LHR-1 and LHR-2 engine) using carbureted butanol and unrefined jatropha oil, were investigated (CJO). As a result, the benefits of vegetable oil and alcohol can be used to reduce engine pollution. At full load operation, exhaust emissions of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and aldehydes from several LHR engine designs were measured. a traditional engine (CE). Particulate matter and NOx were measured using an AVL Smoke metre and a Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer, respectively, at full load operation. At full load operation, aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were assessed using a wet approach known as the dinitrophenyle (DNPH) method. With carbureted butanol, LHR variants of the engine reduced exhaust pollutants significantly. In different variants of the engine, increasing the injection pressure reduced emissions even more.

Author(s) Details

Dr. M. V. S. Murali Krishna
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. V. V. R. Seshagiri Rao
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. R. P. Chowdary
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. N. Janardhan
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Mr. N. Venkateswara Rao
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. T. Ratna Reddy
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

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