Combustion Characteristics of a Semi-Adiabatic Diesel Engine with Plastic Oil with Supercharging | Chapter 8 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 1

 Plastic waste cannot biodegrade. It poses health risks to both people and livestock. Researchers discovered that it has natural carcinogenic properties. Oil made from plastic can be used in internal combustion engines. The need for alternative fuels has become urgent given the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, the continuous rise in pollution caused by fossil fuels, and the rising cost of importing crude oil, which could have been invested in other crucial areas like agriculture, health, and poverty alleviation. Due to their renewable nature, vegetable oils and alcohols are crucial diesel fuel replacements. Alcohols have a high volatility but a low calorific value and cetane number, which is a gauge of the quality of the combustion in a diesel engine. Vegetable oils, on the other hand, have comparable cetane numbers and calorific values. However, they are both highly viscous and quite stable. Plastic oil, which can be produced from waste materials using a process called pyrolysis and has qualities that are similar to those of diesel fuel, is an excellent substitute for diesel fuel. Plastic oil, however, has a high viscosity. The plastic oil was supplemented with diethyl ether (DEE) in the recommended quantity (15%) to lower viscosity and increase cetane number. These viscous fuels can be burned efficiently in semi-adiabatic diesel engines or low heat rejection engines (SADE). The goal of SADE is to create hot combustion chambers appropriate for burning highly viscous fuels by minimising heat loss to the coolant. The SADE's powerplant was air gap insulated. If the architecture of the combustion chamber was altered from a standard combustion chamber to an insulated combustion chamber, it is important to determine or assess the combustion characteristics of the test fuels. This report's objective was to identify the combustion characteristics of peak pressure (PP), time of peak pressure (TOPP), and maximum rate of pressure rise (MRPR) during full load operation of the engine using both versions of the engine, such as conventional engine (CE) and SADE with and without supercharging and with different injection timing. Supercharging is the process of adding more (oxygen) air at a high pressure to the engine's inlet manifold in order to increase engine output. The TDC (top dead centre) encoder was linked to the extended portion of the extended shaft of the dynamometer, and the piezoelectric transducer was connected to the top portion of the cylinder head. The TDC encoder and transducer were both attached to the console. The console transforms the magnetic signal from the TDC encoder and the pressure signal from the transducer into an electric signal that is fed to the computer. When operating at full load, the computer reads the combustion parameter data. An electronic sensor was used to change the injection timing. SADE's enhanced injection time improved the combustion characteristics at full load operation.

Author(s) Details:

Aditya Seshu Machiraju,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University, India.

M. V. S. Murali Krishna,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, India.

P. Ushasri,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V1/article/view/8179

Evaluation of Exhaust Emissions of a Semi-Adiabatic Diesel Engine with Plastic Oil | Chapter 07 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 1

 Exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines, particularly diesel engines, are substantial contributors to global air pollution. When breathed, these emissions induce health problems such as TB, asthma, severe headaches, vomiting, dizziness, haemoglobin loss, and so on. They also contribute to major environmental problems such as the Greenhouse effect, acid rain, and global warming. As a result, it is critical to keep these emissions under control at all times. The quest for alternative fuels is vital and unavoidable in the context of rapid depletion of fossil resources, rising pollution levels from fossil fuels, and increasing economic strain on emerging nations like India. Despite having qualities similar to diesel fuel, vegetable oils have a high viscosity and low volatility, causing combustion issues in diesel engines. Alcoholic beverages have Low Cetane number yet significant volatility (a measure of combustion quality in diesel engine). Plastic oil obtained by pyrolysis from waste plastic has a calorific value comparable to diesel fuel. Its viscosity, however, is greater than diesel fuel, necessitating the use of a semi-adiabatic diesel engine. The idea behind a semi-adiabatic diesel engine is to limit heat flow to the coolant while yet providing a hot combustion chamber for high viscosity fuels like plastic oil. Air gap insulated piston with stainless steel crown and stainless steel gasket were used in the semi-adiabatic engine. The exhaust emissions of a Semi-Adiabatic Diesel Engine running on Plastic Oil were measured at various injection timing and pressure settings. The electronic sensor was used to change the injection time. The Injection Pressure was varied in three stages of 40 bar, starting at 190 bar and ending at 270 bar, using a Nozzle Testing Apparatus. At a pressure of 0.8 bar, supercharging was used. To find the Optimal Injection Timing of the SADE, the Break Thermal Efficiency (BTE) was examined at various Injection Timings and Injection Pressures. The Optimum Injection Timing (OIT) of SADE using Plastic Oil as fuel was found as the time when Peak BTE was attained. Particulate Matter (PM), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrous Oxides (NOX), and Unburned Hydrocarbons (UBHC) levels in a SADE using Plastic Oil, with and without Supercharging, at various injection pressures and timings.

Author(S) Details

Aditya Seshu Machiraju
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University, India.

M. V. S. Murali Krishna
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, India.

P. Ushasri
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V1/article/view/6805

Determination of Performance of a Semi-Adiabatic Diesel Engine with Plastic Oil | Chapter 06 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 1

 In light of the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, rising pollution levels from fossil fuels, and rising economic costs associated with crude oil imports, the quest for alternative fuels has become critical. Because they are renewable, vegetable oils and alcohols are viable alternatives to diesel fuel. Alcohols, on the other hand, have a low Cetane number (a measure of combustion quality), but vegetable oils have a high viscosity and low volatility, which causes combustion issues in diesel engines. Supercharging using plastic oil fueled trials were undertaken to increase thermal efficiency. Plastic oil has a calorific value comparable to diesel fuel, however because of its high viscosity, it may produce combustion issues due to injection issues. As a result, a semi-adiabatic diesel engine is required stainless steel crown and stainless steel gasket of an air gap insulated piston By threading the crown to the body of the piston, the gasket was kept in place between the body and the crown of the piston. At various levels of the engine's brake mean effective pressure, performance characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, and volumetric efficiency were determined. At full engine load, the brake specific energy consumption was measured. Variable injection time and constant injection pressure were used to analyse performance metrics. The electronic sensor was used to change the injection time. In compared to CE without supercharging, SADE with supercharging improves performance. The timing of injections further lowered pollutants.

Author(S) Details

Aditya Seshu Machiraju
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University, India.

M. V. S. Murali Krishna
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, India.

P. Ushasri
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V1/article/view/6804

Determining the Performance Parameters of Carbureted Butanol and Plastic Oil Blended with Diethyl Ether | Chapter 05 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 5

 Background of the Problem: With the depletion of fossil fuels, ever-increasing fuel prices in the international market putting a financial strain on the Indian government, and ever-increasing pollution levels caused by fossil fuels, the hunt for alternative fuels has become critical. Because they are renewable, alcohols and vegetable oils are viable alternatives to diesel fuel. However, because of the disadvantages of vegetable oils (high viscosity and low volatility) and alcohols (low energy content and cetane number), semi-adiabatic diesel engines are required (SADE). Plastic oil's high energy content and butanol's high volatility can be combined to achieve the lowest possible emission levels.

The goal of this study was to assess the performance parameters of a conventional engine (CE) and a semi-adiabatic diesel engine (SADE) with carbureted butanol and injected plastic oil blended with 20 percent diethyl ether with different injection time.

Engine configuration, injection timing, and test fuels of diesel and carbureted butanol, as well as plastic oil, are all design variables.

The experimental engine is a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, 3.68 k W engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head (partially stabilised zirconium of thickness 500 m covered over the inside area of the cylinder head).

At various values of the engine's brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), performance characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, coolant load, and volumetric efficiency were calculated. At full load, the engine's brake specific energy consumption was measured. With each sensor, the injection timing was changed. At full load on a mass basis, butanol was carbureted into the engine through a variable jet carburetor fitted at the engine's inlet manifold at various percentages of crude plastic oil. In a traditional technique, crude plastic oil was combined with 20% diethyl ether and injected through an injector. Diethyl ether was added to boost the cetane number, which assesses the quality of the fuel's ignition in a diesel engine.

Brief Results: When compared to clean diesel on a conventional engine, SADE with carbureted butanol and injected plastic oil combined with diethyl ether improved performance.

Author(S) Details

B. T. Naik
Mechanical Engineering Department, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

M. V. S. Murali Krishna
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bhrathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.

P. Usha Sri
Mechanical Engineering Department, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V5/article/view/5321