Regional Variations in Cancer Burden in Uganda: Insights from Population-based Registries and Implications for National Control Programmes | Chapter 8 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 

In Uganda and generally in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is an epidemiologic transition to noncommunicable diseases from infectious diseases. Effective strategies to mitigate the cancer burden may be designed by understanding the underlying factors responsible for this increase in noncommunicable diseases. The cancer registration coverage is low and evenly distributed in all regions of Uganda. This narrative review was conducted to determine the cancer burden in Uganda in order to allow for a timely intervention to mitigate cancer risk factors by Public Health authorities. The primary purpose of the study is to explore the sub-regional cancer spectrum in Uganda among both males and females. This review reveals the low levels of cancer awareness, which contribute to poor cancer screening and therefore present a barrier to cancer control and prevention in this population. In Uganda, there had been a 16% increase in cancer deaths between 2012 and 2018. The most common types of cancers are mainly due to infections, such as those caused by human herpes virus 8, Epstein-Barr virus and human papilloma virus. The sub-regional cancer spectrum in Uganda includes prostate, oesophageal, gastric, liver cancers and Kaposi sarcoma in males. Whilst in females, the sub-regional spectrum includes ovarian, breast, oesophageal and Kaposi sarcoma. Population-based cancer registries in the Central and Northern regions have reported ovarian cancer among the top five most common cancers. There is a significant variation in cancer profile in some sub-regions of Uganda, where non-Hodgkin lymphoma was replaced by gastric cancer in males. This finding reinforces the need to support and establish more population-based cancer registries to encourage the establishment of regional cancer centres, determine the cancer burden and guide national control programmes in the country. Part of the national cancer control programme should include cancer surveillance using population-based cancer registries.

 

Author(s) Details

Richard Wismayer
Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Equator University of Science and Technology, Masaka, Uganda and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6135

The Current Situation of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Africa | Chapter 1 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 The aim concerning this study is to ease a working plan for the situation of H. pylori in Sub-Saharan Africa. Whilst different noninvasive and obtrusive tests are used for disease skilled is a need to reach a common direction in Sub-Saharan Africa for the treatment and disease of H. pylori. The treatment process adopted has happened demonstrated to decide the efficacy of H. pylori extermination. Treatment failures in Africa are mainly caused by fighting to medicines and a lack of healthcare infrastructure.This review specifies the challenges in Africa in diagnosing and treating H. pylori contamination together with the lack of situation guidelines and lack of decent protocol for disease. Another issue is a lack of healthcare infrastructure. H. pylori contamination is common in Africa, and drug opposition amounts to the infection's burden.

Author(s) Details:

Richard Wismayer,
Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V7/article/view/12039

Governance and Institutions in Development in Africa | Chapter 2 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

 This item establishes the link between government and institutional characteristic on economic performance inside African economies. The paper establishes either these social and economic makeups support or constrain exertions to achieve sustainable growth within these economies. In demonstrating the link between governance and organizations with growth outcomes, the authors use the Worldwide Governance Indicators and OECD`s Country Risk Classifications as two institutional value and governance measures. The article evenly looks at the facets of governance, uniform quality ranges, and how they impact development consequences. Consequently, acceleration in economic tumor in the African economies shall not only demand accountable and obvious governments, but equally strong uniform frameworks and human capacity construction alongside visionary leadership with sound tactics and their subsequent exercise. The paper proposes strategic mediations toward improving governance and heartening institutional frameworks for increased growth and incident.

Author(s) Details:

Samuel M. Nyandemo,
University of Nairobi, Kenya.

Kefa Simiyu,
University of Nairobi, Kenya

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V4/article/view/11096

Relevance of Adult Literacy to National Development | Chapter 2 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

 The purpose concerning this research is to examine the connection between adult proficiency and national development. Literacy is an far-reaching skill that measures the instruction of a population as well as the gross per person income. Literacy is a strong tool and competence that longers beyond just review and writing. As a powerful finish, it equips the individual for personal happening. It is the foundation for any significant development of a country with its own government. It is not a single entity but an relation of several fields-instruction, health, agriculture, and more. Today, inside the context of proliferation and technological competitiveness, the need for adult literacy is relevant. Literate adults maybe gainfully employed, through contributing to civil development. However, not every adult is knowledgeable enough to qualify for contracting that could lead to ethnic development. Countries in substitute-Saharan Africa have low literacy rates accompanying gender and provincial disparity. Thus, sub-Saharan African nationwide governments need to step up the proficiency apparatus of their countries for public development.

Author(s) Details:

Biale Zua,
Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V3/article/view/10896

Adult Sigmoid Volvulus in a Referral Hospital in East Africa | Chapter 10 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 The purpose of this study was to report the presentation and management of a case of uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus in a referral hospital in East Africa. Sigmoid volvulus occurs due to twisting of the enlarged loop of the sigmoid colon about its mesenteric axis, resulting in acute colonic obstruction and eventual entrapment of the colon. A 46-year-old man had complained of his 7-day stomach pain, inability to defecate, and bloating. His abdomen was tympanic, distended and nontender. After his resuscitation, a laparotomy was performed, revealing volvulus of the sigmoid colon without intestinal ischemia or gangrene. A one-stage sigma colectomy and primary anastomosis were performed, and the patient recovered without complications. Endoscopic decompression is not available in East African emergency scenarios. Our patient underwent emergency laparotomy because he had a simple sigmoid torsion and no endoscopic torsion or rectal tube insertion. There was no morbidity after colon sigma resection and primary anastomosis. He recovered without complications. Single-stage sigma colectomy is reported to have a  mortality rate of 7.7% in East Africa. Septic shock is the leading cause of death in patients presenting with volvulus of the sigmoid colon. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are necessary to  reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with intestinal obstruction due to volvulus of the sigmoid colon.

Author(s) Details:

Richard Wismayer,
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V2/article/view/8227

Covid-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Fiscal and Monetary Policies for Mitigating the Socio-economic Impact on Ghana’s Economy | Chapter 02 | New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 9

 The Covid-19 epidemic has thrown the global economy into chaos. Countries are seeking to address the epidemic's economic and social consequences by implementing harsh market-stabilizing policies, including monetary interventions. Bans on social meetings have a harmful influence on society, interrupting social activities including education, sports, festivals, and religious activities. Financial losses and employment losses in the agriculture, hotel, trade, and industrial sectors, as well as a decline in foreign direct investments, are all part of the economic effect. In this research, we look at how governments might help mitigate COVID-19's socioeconomic effects. We also look at government fiscal and monetary policy measures, as well as how long they can be sustained. Using Ghana as an example, this study shows that integrated monetary and fiscal policies save lives by decreasing income and employment losses, averting company failures, and ultimately boosting economic recovery. We suggest the CCCRD Model, which might be used by nations as a worldwide approach in the battle against COVID-19. As a result, politicians must utilise this as a rallying cry, strategically connecting resources, people, the environment, and the economy while also giving adequate assistance in these trying times. However, in order to support such monetary and financial policies, laws must be in place to ensure their long-term viability.

Author(S) Details

Elijah Asante Boakye
School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China and Center of West African Studies, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

Zhao Hongjiang
School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China and  Center of West African Studies, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

Bright Nana Kwame Ahia
School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China and  Center of West African Studies, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

Millicent Adu Damoah
School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V9/article/view/6875

Study on Progress and Challenges Associated with the Use of Telemedicine in Sub-Saharan Africa | Chapter 06 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Many government agencies and health organisations in Sub-Saharan Africa are keeping a close eye on telemedicine advancements. The current hurdles and triumphs in the implementation of telemedicine programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa are examined in this narrative literature review. In Sub-Saharan Africa, cultural differences, financial, organisational, technological, and legal concerns are all major roadblocks to telemedicine development. Despite the fact that many rural African hospitals lack staff and space in surgical outpatient clinics, there are still barriers to telemedicine's progress and deployment in the surgical profession and beyond in this region. The goal of this study was to look into current trends in the use of telemedicine in the region, as well as significant impediments that healthcare decision-makers should be aware of. In order to foster long-term use and widespread adoption of telemedicine in Sub-Saharan Africa, a number of recommendations are offered. More research is needed to identify the use of digital health technologies in the region and its impact on the local health care systems.

Author(S) Details

Richard Wismayer
Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V3/article/view/6335

Public Health Survey Fieldwork Research in Resource Limited Settings: Reflections from Uganda and Zimbabwe | Chapter 09 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 8

 Globally, routine data collection is required for the formulation of public health policy in order to offer evidence for public health interventions. As a result, several public health studies have been done in many parts of the world, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, to track public health outcomes, progress, and give evidence for health policy change. Despite the large number of surveys done in Sub-Saharan Africa, evidence on the experiences of doing public health research through data gathering is scarce. Only a few studies have detailed the experiences and practicalities of conducting health survey fieldwork in such environments. This chapter provides an overview of individual cross-sectional surveys used to collect administrative and survey data in Uganda and Zimbabwe. The chapter describes the survey methodology in detail, as well as the problems that were encountered and the lessons learned from the fieldwork experience. The chapter finishes with practical adaptive solutions for survey preparation and fieldwork research to reduce survey obstacles, which are critical for future public health data gathering in resource-constrained settings.

Author(S) Details

Julie Abimanyi-Ochom
Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Miriam H. Marembo
Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash University - Clayton, Victoria, Australia and Department of Education and Training, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V8/article/view/5278