Calibration of Analytical Instruments as Per ICH and USFDA Guidelines | Chapter 8 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 12

Calibration of analytical instruments in accordance with ICH and USFDA requirements is vital for ensuring the quality, reliability, and accuracy of analytical data. Calibration of analytical instruments such as UV-visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, HPLC, GC, Fluorimeter and Flame photometer was discussed. The focus was on practical methods to ensure accurate and reliable measurements in analytical chemistry, which is critical for maintaining quality control and meeting regulatory standards in laboratory analyses [1,2]. The guidelines provide a framework for validating the performance of instruments, including specifications for calibration frequency, acceptable limits, and documentation.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Vemuluri Padmabhushana Chary
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Anurag Pharmacy College, Kodad-508206, Telangana, India.

 

D. Sireesha
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad-500088, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v12/2062

Analysis of Color Changes in Dental Enamel Following Exposure to Herbal Bleaching Agents: A Spectrophotometric In-vitro Study | Chapter 12 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the color change in enamel bleached with herbal bleaching agents using a spectrophotometer.

Introduction: Tooth discoloration is a common concern affecting individuals' aesthetics, leading to an increased demand for tooth whitening procedures. Herbal bleaching agents have gained attention due to their perceived safety and efficacy. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Musa sapientum, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus limon in tooth whitening compared to hydrogen peroxide.

Materials and Methods: Forty artificially stained premolars were randomly selected, and baseline color values were obtained using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were divided into four groups: Group 1 (n=10) treated with Musa sapientum, Group 2 with Citrus sinensis, Group 3 with Citrus limon, and Group 4 served as the control and treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Color difference (∆E) was examined using a spectrophotometer.

Results: All tested agents induced a significant color change (∆E > 3.3). Musa sapientum demonstrated the most significant whitening effect compared to the citrus groups.

Discussion: The findings suggest that herbal bleaching agents, particularly Musa sapientum, can effectively whiten teeth. However, further studies are needed to explore their long-term effects and safety profile.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, Musa sapientum exhibited superior tooth whitening efficacy compared to Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon but was inferior to hydrogen peroxide.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Jyothi Lekshmi B.
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Dr. Saranya S. Nair
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvmms/v8/12766F

Assessment of Albumin Status in Hypertensive Patients with or Without Cataract in Nigeria | Chapter 06 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 The Eye Foundation Hospital in Itamogiri, Ijebu – Mushin in the Ijebu-East Local Government Area and the General Hospital in Ijebu-Ode in Ogun State, Nigeria, investigated albumin levels in hypertensive patients with and without cataracts. Simple random selection was used to choose 150 samples from the study area. There was no significant difference in albumin levels between the control group (MeanSD=48.128.20g/L) and test group A (MeanSD = 49.1910.19g/L), but there was a significant reduction in albumin concentration in test group B with MeanSD = 44.3511.99g/L, indicating hypertension (with cataract) had significantly lower levels of plasma albu. This shows that cataracts may have a direct impact on the serum albumin concentration of hypertension patients. Following an analysis of serum electrolyte levels, such persons should be advised to adopt a salt-restricted diet, which may assist to reduce cataract development and progression.

Author(S) Details

Z. M. Oladunjoye
Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Ogun State College of Health Technology, Ilese- Ijebu, Nigeria.

J. A. Quadri
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oyo State, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6664

Plant Genomic DNA Isolation: An Important Technology for Marker Assisted Selection | Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 4

 Plant biotechnology is required to increase the chances of crop enhancement projects succeeding. DNA marker technology, which is derived from molecular genetics and genomics research, holds a lot of potential for plant breeding. In plant breeding, marker-assisted selection improves efficiency and precision. Mapping and marker-assisted selection of a certain characteristic necessitates high-quality DNA from a large number of plants in a short amount of time. Many techniques for extracting plant DNA have been developed and described, with the primary goal of developing a relatively rapid, inexpensive, and repeatable way to extract good quality DNA. All of these DNA extraction protocols follow the same general principle of disrupting the cell wall, cell membrane, and nuclear membrane to release highly intact DNA into solution while ensuring that contaminating biomolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, phenols, and other secondary metabolites are removed using enzymatic or chemical methods. For marker assisted selection applications in crop improvement as well as sequencing-based applications, high quality DNA is a must. Plant Genomic DNA isolation and quantification procedures for several crops were included in this article.

Author(S) Details

Sushma Tiwari
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

M. K. Tripathi
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

R. S. Tomar
Rani Laxmibai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India.

Ashok Ahuja
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPPSR-V4/article/view/5198

Study on Trace Elemental Analysis in “Jeevanti” (Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight & ARN.) - An Ayurvedic Medicinal Plant | Chapter 2 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11

 Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wt. & Arn. (Asclepiadaceae) is a rare medicinal plant known in Ayurveda as Jivanti or Jivana for its life-giving properties. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, vasodilator, galactogogue, Jivaniya, and other healing characteristics, Jivanti is also utilised in veterinary medicine for its lactogenic action. Jivanti was a key Rasayana for Charak. Sushruta utilised it to boost sperm count and breast milk production in breastfeeding moms. Jivanti was featured in Jivaniya Gana by Vagabhatta. It's also known as Shak Shreshtha since it's as nutritious as Saag. With all of this in mind, the current study aims to determine the elemental composition of "Jeevanti." Using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the quantitative estimations of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Ni in Jivanti leaf, stem, and root parts were determined. The trace elements in this plant's leaf, stem, and roots differed significantly, but did not surpass the World Health Organization's limiting levels (WHO). As a result, using these plant parts for therapeutic purposes is both safe and environmentally friendly.

Author (S) Details

Rajasamarsen K. Modi
Department of Studies & Research in Botany, Government College, (Autonomous) Kalaburagi-585 105, Karnataka, India.

Azra Yasmeen
Department of Studies & Research in Botany, Government College, (Autonomous) Kalaburagi-585 105, Karnataka, India.

K. Shivakumar
Department of Chemistry, Government College, (Autonomous), Kalaburagi-585 105, Karnataka, India.

Somnath Reddy C. Patil
Department of PG Studies & Research in Zoology, Government College, (Autonomous) Kalaburagi-585 105, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V11/article/view/3124

Analytical Techniques for Determining Chloropyrifos in Fruits and Vegetables | Chapter 7 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 1

For the detection of chloropyrifos, highly sensitive spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods were established. The base was chloropyrifos alkaline hydrolysis to 1,2,4-trichloropyridine, followed by coupling with congored in the presence of nitric acid. At 605nm, the absorption maxima of blue colour formed at 800-900C. In the range of 0.5-5.7 ppm, Beer's law was followed. 0.005 was found to be the standard deviation. Other pesticides did not interact with the procedure. The procedure was tested on a variety of fruits and vegetables obtained from diverse agricultural fields in the Sabbavaram area of Visakhapatnam, India, and found to be effective. Given the widespread use of pesticides on fruits and vegetables, which has harmed the natural equilibrium. Pesticide residue determination in Cauliflower, potato, spinach, and fruits such as pinkapple, grapes, and others were gathered and analysed using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). GC-ECD offers a lot of potential for detecting low-level organochlorine pesticides in food extracts. Hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate (1:1 percent V/V) were used to remove residues. A solid phase extraction column was used to carry out the cleaning procedure. Chloropyrifos pesticide recoveries in selected fruits and vegetables ranged from 80 to 98 percent enriched at 0.5 mg/kg. Some grape samples were found to be above the quantitative limit.

Author (s) Details

N. V. S. Venugopal
Department of Chemistry, G.I.T, Gitam University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, India.

B. Sumalatha
Department of Chemistry, G.I.T, Gitam University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, India.

Srinivasa Rao Bonthula
Department of Chemistry, G.I.T, Gitam University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V1/article/view/2184

Studies on Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of GSH by cis-(diaqua)-bis-(ethylenediamine) Cobalt(III) Ion | Chapter 7 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 10

 Using 103[Co(III)] = 5 mol dm-3, 2.5 102[GSH] 10.00 mol dm-3, 3.5 pH 5.0, 318K T 333K at a fixed ionic strength I = 0.3 mol d-3, the kinetics of GSH oxidation to GSSG by cis-(diaqua)-bis-(ethylenediamine) cobalt(III) perchlorate were examined spect (NaClO4). The first-order kinetic trend in the depletion of [Co (III)] at 500 nm with time was observed. It was discovered that [GSH] and pH had a first-order relationship. For the Co(III)-OH23+(k1) and Co(III)-OH2+(k2) reactivities, the temperature dependency of the second order rate constant k'2 = kobs/[GSH] was investigated. Co(III) and GSH form an outer-sphere complex, which is followed by a one-electron transfer from GSH to Co(III), resulting in the creation of Co(II) and GSH radicals. The GSH radical dimerizes quickly to form GSSG. The parameters of activation were computed. The electron transfer process is favoured by these values. The ordered transition state corresponds to a negative activation entropy value.

Author (S) Details

B. Mohanty
Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India.

J. Behera
Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India.

S. Acharya
IMMT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

P. Mohanty
Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India.

A. K. Patnaik
Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Odisha, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V10/article/view/2627

Investigation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Excoecaria agallocha L.: Critical Overview | Chapter 12 |New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 2

Mangrove survives in the most hostile environment with fluctuating tidal and saline regime. The present work focused on a detailed study on quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents and DPPH radical scavenging activity of Excoecaria agallocha L., a mangrove from Kattiparambu and Chirackal of Ernakulam District, Kerala. Preliminary phytochemical investigation indicated the presence of biologically active metabolites of leaf, stem and root of the plant in different solvents. Methanol and hexane gave maximum results. Since the plant grows in stress conditions showed the presence of amino acids. Recorded values for high protein in leaf (4.8%), stem (1.93%), Carbohydrate in the root (11.17%) at Chirackal. Phenols (6.02%), flavanoids (3.6%) and tannins (5.68%) was observed in leaf samples of the species at Chirackal. Methanolic extract showed maximum free radical scavenging activity (IC50-141.56 µg/ml) in leaf samples and stem showed minimum (IC50-931.3 µg/ml) in chloroform extract. The range of DPPH radical scavenging activity in the solvent is Methanol > Ethyl acetate > Ethanol > Chloroform. 

Author(s) Details 

S. Sofia
Department of Botany, St. Teresa’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India. 

View Book: - http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/172

Comparative Study on Color Stability of Denture Reline Polymers When Using Microwave and Chemical Disinfection | Chapter 10 | Emerging Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 1

This study investigated the color stability of reline resin after two methods of disinfection i.e microwave disinfection and chemical disinfection. A stainless steel mold with a breakaway compartment (10 mm in diameter by 0.7 mm thickness) was made to fabricate specimens of various resins. Each material was mixed according to manufacturer’s instructions and applied into the mold. Prior to color stability testing, specimens were cleaned in distilled water for 20 minutes to kill any microorganisms that may had contaminated the discs during fabrication. And then specimens were immersed in Sodium Perborate Monohydrate 200 ml of solution for 15 days and micro waved for 15 days so that it is comparable to chemical disinfection soaking. The color stability of each specimen was measured again using spectrophotometer and values were obtained. The data of ∆E, ∆L, ∆b, ∆a were analysed by 2 way repeated measures ANOVAs test. Significant statistic changes in color parameters ∆L, ∆a, ∆b of the reline resin DPI, Ufi Gel Hard and Kooliner were observed when dentures were disinfected by Sodium Perborate Monohydrate 2% solutions. The color stability of the reline resin was influenced by time, regardless of disinfection or non disinfection. This can be attributed to bleaching (whitening) effect of reline material. Discoloration of resin based materials may be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are related to internal alterations in              material resulting from physicochemical reactions or residual monomer oxidation with time. Thus the initiator, quantity and type of monomer and the polymerisation efficiency can affect the color               stability of resin based materials. The color stability deviation value ∆E significantly increased to maximum for chemical disinfectant, least for Control group and intermediate for microwaved group. Ufi Gel showed the highest deviation ∆E and Control Group showed the lowest deviation according to results.

Author(s) Details
Dr. Farhat Jabeen
Department of Prosthodontics, Himachal Dental College, H.P. 175002, India

Pragya Bali
Department of Prosthodontics, Himachal Dental College, H.P. (175002), India.

View Book: - http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/167