Stomatal Characteristics and Wood Anatomical Adaptations of Citrus reticulata and Citrus sinensis in the Semi-arid Environment of Mubi, in Northeastern Nigeria | Chapter 6 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 10

 

Understanding how perennial fruit trees adjust their structural traits to water-limited environments is essential for sustainable cultivation in semi-arid regions. Among such traits, stomatal characteristics and wood anatomical features represent key components of plant adaptation, influencing gas exchange, transpiration, and hydraulic conductivity. This chapter explores the stomatal characteristics and wood anatomical adaptations of Citrus reticulata and Citrus sinensis growing under the semi-arid conditions of Mubi, northeastern Nigeria, and discusses how coordination between leaf and stem structures contributes to ecological adjustment. Leaf epidermal analyses were used to examine stomatal size, density, stomatal index, epidermal cell density, and Potential Conductance Index (PCI), while stem samples were assessed for vessel and fibre dimensions. The two species exhibited distinct anatomical patterns. Citrus reticulata showed comparatively higher stomatal dimensions and PCI, reflecting a greater potential for gas exchange, whereas Citrus sinensis displayed larger vessel elements, suggesting enhanced hydraulic capacity. These contrasting structural tendencies indicate different adaptive strategies in balancing carbon assimilation and water transport under semi-arid stress. By integrating stomatal and xylem traits, this chapter provides a broader perspective on anatomical plasticity in Citrus species and highlights the value of multi-organ trait analysis in understanding plant performance in drought-prone agroecosystems.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Mohammad Saquib
Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v10/7211

 

Analysis of Color Changes in Dental Enamel Following Exposure to Herbal Bleaching Agents: A Spectrophotometric In-vitro Study | Chapter 12 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the color change in enamel bleached with herbal bleaching agents using a spectrophotometer.

Introduction: Tooth discoloration is a common concern affecting individuals' aesthetics, leading to an increased demand for tooth whitening procedures. Herbal bleaching agents have gained attention due to their perceived safety and efficacy. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Musa sapientum, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus limon in tooth whitening compared to hydrogen peroxide.

Materials and Methods: Forty artificially stained premolars were randomly selected, and baseline color values were obtained using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were divided into four groups: Group 1 (n=10) treated with Musa sapientum, Group 2 with Citrus sinensis, Group 3 with Citrus limon, and Group 4 served as the control and treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Color difference (∆E) was examined using a spectrophotometer.

Results: All tested agents induced a significant color change (∆E > 3.3). Musa sapientum demonstrated the most significant whitening effect compared to the citrus groups.

Discussion: The findings suggest that herbal bleaching agents, particularly Musa sapientum, can effectively whiten teeth. However, further studies are needed to explore their long-term effects and safety profile.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, Musa sapientum exhibited superior tooth whitening efficacy compared to Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon but was inferior to hydrogen peroxide.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Jyothi Lekshmi B.
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Dr. Saranya S. Nair
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvmms/v8/12766F

Massive In vitro Propagation from Cultured Nodal Segment of Three Citrus species| Chapter 7 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 6

 Nodal segments extracted from in vitro developed saplings of three citrus species viz., Citrus aurantiafolia, Citrus reticulata and Citrus sinensis were vaccinated on assorted alterations of basal MS mode for complex shootlet creation. In vitro morphogenesis followed by plant recovery dotted altogether among species and culture medium fortress. In this examination, shootlets were grown straightforwardly by means of helper bud multiplication alongside from callus tissue. Culture medium MS5N.5B/MS5N.Kn (MS + 5.0 mgl-1 NAA + 0.5 mgl-1BA/Kn) persuaded callusing in higher rates. Supplement medium MS.1Td.5N/MS.5B.5N (MS + 0.1 mgl-1 TDZ/0.5 BA + 0.5 mgl-1 NAA) helped plantlet duplicating skill. Though, plantlets per explant in higher frequencies (s) of greater length were perceived on supplement medium MS.1Td or MS.2Td (MS + 0.1/0.2 mgl-1 TDZ). In regard to in vitro establishing, root starting adequacy in higher frequencies was checked on medium MS.5IB (MS + 0.5 mgl-1 IBA), while establishes in more noteworthy numbers were archived on establishing medium MS2IB.5Kn (MS + 2.0 mg l-1 IBA + 0.5 mg l-1 Kn), though supplement medium MS.5IB.5B (MS + 0.5 mg l-1 IBA + 0. 5 mg l-1 BAP) further developed mean root length. In regard to interspecific in vitro reaction, typically, Acid lime followed by Mandarin and Sweet orange performed legitimately for the nearly culture stages. The in vitro created shootlets were effectively adjusted and moved under field conditions.

Author(s) Details:

Megha Vibhute,
Horticultural Biotechnology Laboratory, KNK-College of Horticulture, Mandsaur - 458001, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, MP, India.

M. K. Tripathi,
Horticultural Biotechnology Laboratory, KNK-College of Horticulture, Mandsaur - 458001, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, MP, India and Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior - 474002, India.

R. Tiwari,
Horticultural Biotechnology Laboratory, KNK-College of Horticulture, Mandsaur - 458001, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, MP, India.

Sushma Tiwari,
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior - 474002, India.

Niraj Tripathi,
Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur - 482004, India.

Mohini Sharma,
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior - 474002, India.

Yashi Singh Tomar,
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior - 474002, India.

Sharad Tiwari,
Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur - 482004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V6/article/view/7913