Predictive Policing in Nigeria: An Exploratory Analysis of Law Enforcement Approaches in Lagos State | Chapter 7 | New Ideas Concerning Arts and Social Studies Vol. 2

The escalating crime and insecurity in Nigeria require key solutions of advanced law enforcement approaches. Lagos State, being an economic centre, has implemented predictive policing, a data-centric methodology for crime prevention and reduction. This exploratory study examines the ability of predictive policing in Lagos State. This study employs a qualitative research design, utilising in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials, policymakers, and community leaders. The results indicate that predictive policing has facilitated a decline in crime rates in Lagos State, especially concerning armed robbery, kidnapping, and cultism. Nevertheless, the study highlights considerable challenges, such as deficient data management systems, constrained resources, inadequate community involvement, and insufficient training for law enforcement officials. The study emphasises the necessity for a more collaborative methodology in predictive policing by engaging various stakeholders, such as community leaders, policymakers, and law enforcement agencies. The results of this study hold significant implications for the formulation of effective predictive policing strategies in Nigeria and analogous contexts. The study advocates for the enhancement of data management systems, augmented investment in technology and human resources, and improved community engagement and participation. The results offer significant insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and community leaders aiming to formulate effective strategies for crime prevention and reduction in Nigeria.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Thomas Uduo
ICEST Resource Center, Lagos, Nigeria.

 

Raymond Obaji
ICEST Resource Center, Lagos, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nicass/v2/5152

The Design of an Organic Chemistry Experiment focusing on Comprehensive Training in Common Laboratory Techniques | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 9

In the sciences education, hands-on laboratory experiences are essential to the educational journey of students. These practical activities not only enrich the curriculum but also make learning more engaging and effective. By participating in laboratory experiments, students gain invaluable skills which can deepen their understanding of scientific concepts and enhance their overall science literacy.

In organic chemistry, handling common laboratory techniques is crucial for successful experimentation. Skills such as reflux, simple distillation, liquid-liquid extraction and recrystallization are fundamental to the synthesis, isolation, purification and characterization of compounds. However, many traditional organic chemistry experiments are often designed with just one or two common techniques, which could hinder their comprehensive understanding of basic laboratory techniques. This article introduces an experiment designed to promote self-directed learning with pre-laboratory preparation, allowing students to engage with a broader range of techniques in organic synthesis.

Aims: To design an experiment focused on student self-directed pre-laboratory preparation, utilizing a comprehensive approach that integrates various laboratory techniques in organic reactions.

Study Design:  A 2-hour laboratory session was designed that systematically organizes several common laboratory techniques, allowing students to practice these skills and perform product identification analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Pui Ching Middles School, between 2021 and 2022.

Methodology: 30 students work in groups of two. Benzophenone was reduced by NaBH₄. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for about five minutes. The product was then extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and simple distillation. The crude product was purified by recrystallization with hot hexane.

Results: The percentage yield of diphenylmethanol is about 68%.

Conclusion: The students experienced a series of laboratory skills through the organic experiment. Through hands-on chemistry experiments, students can investigate chemical properties and reactions by utilizing laboratory apparatus and instruments.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tsz-Wing Wong
Pui Ching Middle School, Hong Kong, China.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v9/3166

An Epidemiological Profile and Management of Floating Knee at the Traumatology and Orthopedics Department (Section A) of Hassan II Hospital, Fez/Morocco | Chapter 3 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

 Present study climaxes the epidemiological profile and administration of floating knee at the traumatology and Orthopedics area (section A) of Hassan II Hospital, Fez/Morocco. The buoyant knee is an union of ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures first expressed by BLAKE and MCBRYDE in 1974. The study retrospectively reviewed the cases of 32 inmates who were conducted between January 2009 and November 2018. We only included subjects with a buoyant knee. Staging and indexing two together used Frazer's classification. Open fractures were judged preoperatively for severity of accompanying injuries utilizing the Injury Severity Score and the Cauchoix-Duparc classification. Functional outcomes were determined use the Karlstrom and Olerud criteria. Young alive adults were ultimate affected accompanying a mean age of 28 years and a clear male predominance (90.62%). Road accidents were the main cause (93.75%).According to Fraser's categorization, 68.75% of cases were type I, type IIa (15.62 %), type IIb (9.37%) and type IIc (6.25%). Seventeen patients met with IM nailing of both leg part and tibia fractures. Four patients (12.5%) seen ORIF with DCP leg part plate; 3 patients (9.37%) experienced condylar plate bridging of the femur; inasmuch as 2 patients (6.25%) withstood ORIF of tibia accompanying DCP plate and 2 patients (6.25%) with T-buttress plate of the tibial land. The advent of various modes of transport accompanying the growth of the automobile manufacturing and especially the disobedience with the highway safety regulations are chiefly to blame for the surge attack traffic accidents. In Morocco, RTA’s are the main etiology of buoyant knees.The floating knee is a condition namely slowly extended over our side of the world and generally affects young, active family. Most typically, transmission-clinical disease is used. A skilled integrative team bear carry out administration because it is operational.

Author(s) Details:

Kamal Lahrach,
Department of Trauma and Orthopedics A, Hassan II Hospital, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah of Fez, Morocco.

Boubacar Soumaré,
Department of Trauma and Orthopedics A, Hassan II Hospital, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah of Fez, Morocco.

Saeed Abdul Razak,
Department of Trauma and Orthopedics A, Hassan II Hospital, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah of Fez, Morocco.

Bah Souleymane,
Department of Trauma and Orthopedics A, Hassan II Hospital, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah of Fez, Morocco.

Diarra Abdoul Salam,
Reference Health Center of Mopti,Mali.

Boutayeb Fawzi,
Department of Trauma and Orthopedics A, Hassan II Hospital, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah of Fez, Morocco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V1/article/view/11059

Fine Tune Balance of Hydrophobic-hydrophylic Relationship of Amphiphilic Compounds by Partial Reduction and Methylation | Chapter 2 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

 Methylation of a hydroxy group eliminates or reduces that group's ability to create hydrogen bonds. The action is amplified when a hydroxy group is converted to a methylene (deoxy) group. S-adenosyl-methionine is the most common methyl donor in living creatures' cells (Ado-Met). N5,N10-THFA or a cobalt atom of a corrin ring can sometimes contribute a methyl group. Despite the limited number of natural methyl donors (in comparison to phosphate donors), partly reduced or methylated sugars have been discovered in glycosterols, polysaccharides, and other compounds. Nucleoside-type glycosides, glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, antigenic phenolic glycolipids, inositols Nucleic acids are methylated mostly on cytosine and adenine, while proteins are methylated on Glu and Asp.

Author (s) Details

Dumitru Petru I. Iga
University of Bucharest, former C. I. Parhon, Bucharest, Rumania and University of Oradea, B-dul Armata Romana, Oradea, Nagyvárad, Rumania.

Dumitru Popescu
Gh. Mihoc-Caius Iacob Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics of Romania Academy, 13 Calea 13 Septembrie, 050711, Bucharest, Romania.

Valentin I. R. Niculescu
Institut de Recherche et Development pour les Lasers, Plasma et Physique de la Radiation, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V9/article/view/2193

Advanced Processing of Lateritic Ore | Book Publisher International

 Nickel, cobalt, iron, silicon, aluminium, and chromium are among the metal components found in laterite ore, which is one of the mineral resources. It's found all over the equatorial region and is mostly used as a nickel supply. However, laterite with a high nickel content is the only laterite that can be used. Despite the large deposit, the nickel-free laterite ore has never been exploited properly, and it occasionally has a significant iron component. As high-grade iron ore deposits become scarcer each year, laterite's high iron concentration makes it an appealing iron resource. The introduction of a series of processes for using high iron content laterite ore as an iron resource. The process begins with comminution and agglomeration, followed by selective reduction of laterite ore using mixed gas, after which the physical and chemical features of laterite ore are described, including dehydration treatment. The nickel is extracted from the reduced laterite ore using a leaching method. The next stage is to use a magnetic separator to collect iron from the leached-laterite residue in the form of magnetite complex, which is then subjected to a reduction process for iron extraction.

Author(s) Details

Hadi Purwanto
International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/APLO/article/view/2097

A Biomimetic Approach towards Chemoselective Reduction of Chalcones | Chapter 11 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 5

Chemists are now under pressure for a few days to establish eco-friendly ways for the key steps in organic synthesis due to strong environmental constraints. Chemists highly appreciate the biomimetic approach in the field of organic synthesis not only because it is close to the natural way of synthesis, but also offers an alternative to repetitive and risky multistep chemistry. By producing a high selectivity class, the use of organocatalyst in organic synthesis decorates the synthetic process. For synthetic chemists, its use in organic synthesis remains an appealing option. A biomimetic approach to chemoselective reduction of C=C double bonds in chalcones under metal and acid-free conditions, which relies on the activation of olefin by the formation of hydrogen bonds, is stated in the present chapter. The process requires only catalytic amount of ephedrine as hydrogen bond donor and utilises Hantzsch esters for transfer hydrogenation.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Vishwa Deepak Tripathi
M. K. College Laheriasarai (A Constituent Unit of Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar), India.

Dr. Anand Mohan Jha

M. L. T. College, Saharsa, (A Constituent Unit of B. N. Mandal University, Madhepura, Bihar), India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/354

A Mini-open Reduction Technique for the Off-ended Paediatric Distal Radius Fracture | Chapter 9 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 5

 The off-ended paediatric forearm or distal radius fracture may challenge attempts at closed reduction and prompt open reduction. We describe a hybrid technique to achieve a functional reduction using a mini-open and minimally traumatic approach, as a quicker alternative to the traditional open approach with the potential for reduced blood loss, post-operative pain, swelling and scarring.

Author (s) Details

Mr. Divya Prakash,
Sandwell General Hospital, Birmingham, UK.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/264