Role of Methylation in Regulation and Physiology of 5HT2C Gene in the Brain and Plausible Impact of Cys23ser Polymorphism: A Bioinformatics Approach | Chapter 10 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 7

Signal transduction through G-proteins is a prominent feature of several eukaryotes. 5-HT2C receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a candidate of interest for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric diseases owing to its expression profile, signalling, and neuronal functions. In this mini-review and analysis paper, we provide background literature on the unique biochemical, structural, pharmacological, and genetics of the 5-HT2c receptor. We conduct in silico epigenetic analysis of the promoter and flanking regions and histone marks. Further, evolutionary and phylogenetic analysis of the 5HT2C gene and Cys23ser substitution using bioinformatics tools. Our results implicate alterations in DNA methylation and associated regulatory elements in the promoter and upstream which could impact gene expression, inactivation, genome stabilization, and inheritance. The cys23ser substitution analysis using a suite of methods suggests a plausible effect on the 3D protein structure. The additional cysteine amino acids in human receptors could enable additional structural stability to the protein to aid the modulation of behavioural traits under evolutionary pressure. The results have implications for the role of 5HT2C in the central nervous system (CNS).

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kiran Kumar Halagur Bhogegowda
Former Post-doc NCBS, Wilson Garden, Bangalore-560030, Affiliated to Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, 560001, India.

 

Sajeeda Niketh
Department of Biochemistry, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, 560001, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v7/3600

Methylation Level Differences between the Housekeeping and the Specialized Genes Identified during Ontogenesis| Chapter 11 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 2

 The genome methylation is individual of the leading districts in the study of aging. The theoretical model we projected earlier demonstrates aging by redistribution of restricted resources between two main tasks of the creature: its ability to manage for oneself based on the function of the housework gene group (HG) and functional distinction provided apiece IntG integrative deoxyribonucleic acid group. To test our model, we used methylation level data of 100 genes, (deoxyribonucleic acid body and allure promoter) of 50 in the HG group and 50 in IntG. We raise reliable differences ( p<0.0001) middle from two points our groups in the level of absolute methylation principles, more pronounced in the promoters of the intentional genes. We showed their significant decrease in IntG accompanying age in contrast to HG, place this level remained relatively fixed. The decrease in methylation in the IntG group is indirectly rooted by the study of data variance, that also dropped in the genes concerning this group. The increasing imbalance middle from two points HG and IntG by methylation levels suggests that this IntG-shift indicates a side effect of the growth program and its connection to the main cause of fermenting.

Author(s) Details:

Lev Salnikov,
AntiCA Biomed, San Diego, CA 92111, United States.

Saveli Goldberg,
Department of Radiation Oncology, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States.

Parvathy Sukumaran,
Department of Computer Science, Met College, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States.

Eugene Pinsky,
Department of Computer Science, Met College, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V2/article/view/8892

A Healthy Balance of Homeostasis by Epigenetic Regulator SIRT1 May Prevent the Development of a Specific "Soil" that Supports Metabolic Disorders and Related Cancers| Chapter 5 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

 SIRT1 was found in 1979, however expanded interest in this protein didn't come until 20 years after the fact, when its overexpression was accounted for to broaden the life expectancy of yeast. From that point forward, a few examinations have shown the advantages of its expanded articulation in forestalling or deferring of numerous sicknesses.

As a histone deacetylase, SIRT1 is an epigenetic controller however has a few non-histone targets engaged with digestion, energy detecting pathways, circadian hardware, and fiery guideline. Unsettling influences in these interconnected cycles cause various illnesses, but they appear to have a typical root in the lopsidedness of provocative cycles and lower levels or inactivation of SIRT1.

SIRT1 inactivation has likewise been embroiled in the seriousness of COVID-19, and its low level has been viewed as an indicator of uncontrolled COVID-19. A few different sicknesses, like metabolic illness, heftiness, diabetes, Alzheimer's infection, cardiovascular sickness or discouragement, are related with constant irritation and comparatively show diminished SIRT1 level.

It has as of late become realized that SIRT1 can be inducible by calorie limitation/legitimate sustenance, actual work and proper profound state. To be sure, a better metabolic state is related with more significant levels of SIRT1 articulation. These recommend that a reasonable way of life as a non-pharmacological therapy might be a helpful device in the counteraction of irritation or metabolic aggravation related illnesses, and in clinical practice it tends to be essential for the correlative treatment to accomplish better remedial reaction and personal satisfaction.

In this audit we expected to connect the useful impacts of SIRT1 to illnesses where its levels are decreased. Also, we looked to gather proof for mediations or therapies that increment SIRT1 articulation, accordingly open the chance of involving them as preventive or correlative treatment in clinical practice.

Author(s) Details:

Zsuzsanna Nemeth,
Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest -1083, Hungary.

Eva Kiss,
Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, Budapest - 1083, Hungary.

Istvan Takacs,
Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest -1083, Hungary.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V4/article/view/8003

Fine Tune Balance of Hydrophobic-hydrophylic Relationship of Amphiphilic Compounds by Partial Reduction and Methylation | Chapter 2 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

 Methylation of a hydroxy group eliminates or reduces that group's ability to create hydrogen bonds. The action is amplified when a hydroxy group is converted to a methylene (deoxy) group. S-adenosyl-methionine is the most common methyl donor in living creatures' cells (Ado-Met). N5,N10-THFA or a cobalt atom of a corrin ring can sometimes contribute a methyl group. Despite the limited number of natural methyl donors (in comparison to phosphate donors), partly reduced or methylated sugars have been discovered in glycosterols, polysaccharides, and other compounds. Nucleoside-type glycosides, glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, antigenic phenolic glycolipids, inositols Nucleic acids are methylated mostly on cytosine and adenine, while proteins are methylated on Glu and Asp.

Author (s) Details

Dumitru Petru I. Iga
University of Bucharest, former C. I. Parhon, Bucharest, Rumania and University of Oradea, B-dul Armata Romana, Oradea, Nagyvárad, Rumania.

Dumitru Popescu
Gh. Mihoc-Caius Iacob Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics of Romania Academy, 13 Calea 13 Septembrie, 050711, Bucharest, Romania.

Valentin I. R. Niculescu
Institut de Recherche et Development pour les Lasers, Plasma et Physique de la Radiation, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V9/article/view/2193