In-vitro Evaluation on the Antimicrobial Potential of Allium sativum L. (Garlic) and Allium cepa L. (Onion) against Clinically Relevant Bacterial and Fungal Strains | Chapter 6 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

Synthetic drug adversities and emerging multi-drug-resistant microbial invasions pose a serious threat in unveiling natural counterparts of which phytochemicals are the best choice. Antimicrobial studies (disk-diffusion method) tested against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter species, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using onion and garlic fresh extract, aqueous dilution as well as by combining both pure extracts (1:1) proves its potentiality with significant antimicrobial activity. Both extracts can serve as a powerful broad-spectrum antibiotic having comparable or even better activity to that of the control. Pure onion extract exhibits better activity against Enterococcus species (19.3mm against 17mm) whereas pure garlic extract (1:1) shows remarkable activity (18.3mm against 17mm) for Enterobacter species. Moreover, aqueous garlic extract shows a pronounced effect even against the selected gram-positive species also compared to its pure counterpart. Synergism records an appreciable activity against all the selected bacterial as well as fungal species comparable to that of the control itself proving its potentiality as a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Nivetha. S.
Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna College, Aralvoimozhy, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v8/3522

Computer Modelling of Supply Chain Management and Marketing Efficiency of Onion | Chapter 6 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 3

Poor efficiency in the marketing channels and inadequate marketing infrastructure is believed to be the cause of not only high and fluctuating product prices but also too little of the consumer rupee realized by the farmer. To find out the supply chain management at the producer level, a total of 120 sample respondents were selected for this study, which included 60 farmers and 60 intermediaries were selected using a random sampling procedure during the year 2022-23. The results of the analysis of indices of marketing efficiency in the six marketing channels prevailing in three different markets are presented in Table 8 in the Tiruchi and Dindigul districts of Tamil Nadu. It could be inferred that the index of marketing efficiency was highest for Channel II of all three markets (Dindigul, Tiruchi), because of direct purchase of onion by retailers from commission agents. The market efficiency was found to be lowest in Channel I of the Tiruchi market with an index of 2.39 for small onion. A systematic package of practices in onion production will greatly improve productivity and enable the growers to reap maximum benefits.

 

Author (s) Details

 

A. Malaisamy
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India.

 

M Raswanthkrishna
B.Tech Computer Science and Engineering (AI), Amrita University, Coimbatore, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v3/4390

Photosynthesis Activity in Some Plants Grown under Enhance Solar UVB (280-320nm) Radiation: A Comparative Analysis | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 5

 In a field experiment, seedlings that were only a few days old were exposed to increased UVB radiation during several weeks. The variable/maximum fluorescence was estimated using photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll a fluorescence. On carrot, beetroot, radish, and onion plants, UV-B had a significant effect on PS II activity. UV-B light has no effect on the PSII activity of radish plants, but it does enhance it by 50%. At the same time, the PSII activity reveals the impacts of UVB radiation on other plants such as carrot, onion, and beetroot. UVB sunlight damages certain plants, and they are unable to heal the damage. The lowering of PSII activity and the efficiency of Chl fluorescence induction kinetics reflect this. UVB radiation, on the other hand, had no or only a minor effect on PSI activity and the Fluorescence parameter. The findings show that UV-B radiation in the tropics region can considerably diminish photosynthetic activity in plants that cannot endure its effects while increasing it in plants that can tolerate it.

Author(S) Details

S. Janetta Nithia
Department of Botany, Sri Meenakshi Government Arts College for Women, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

N. Shanthi
Department of Botany, Unit of Plant stress physiology, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V5/article/view/4593

Allium cepa Linn Improved Rhodanese Activity and Half-life of Cyanide in the Blood | Chapter 5 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Rhodanese is an intramitochondrial liver enzyme responsible for cyanide detoxification. Allium cepa (Onion); an organosulphur-rich plant that may provide sulphur for cyanide detoxification. The effects of Allium cepa on rhodanese activity during cyanide toxicity were studied in male Wistar rats in vitro and in vivo. In vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of methanol extract of onion (MEAC) and sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) on rhodanese activity, urine thiocyanate concentration, and the effects of MEAC, raw onion, and Na2S2O3 on potassium cyanide half-life (KCN). Experiments in vitro looked into the MEAC and onion essential oil have been shown to inhibit rhodanese activity in liver cells. The in vivo study found that administering Na2S2O3 to the cyanide-treated group increased rhodanese activity, whereas the extract did not. The in vitro study found that onion essential oil increased rhodanese activity by ten times that of the extract. When raw onion consumption was compared to control, the half-life of KCN was significantly lower (p0.05). The findings suggest that Allium cepa improves cyanide detoxification by increasing rhodanese enzyme activity and decreasing cyanide half-life in the blood.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Fausat Kikelomo Ola-Mudathir
Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V8/article/view/1872

Genetic Variability, Growth, Yield and Quality Traits of Some Genotypes of Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Jos-Plateau, Nigeria | Chapter 6 | Advances and Trends in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

The improvement of the fresh bulb and the economic dry matter yields of onion is dependent on the morphogenetic variability and the interrelationships amongst morphological attributes which can be used to determine the quality or performance of the crop. This research was aimed to study the genetic variability, growth, yield and quality traits of some genotypes of onion (Ares, Violet de Galmi, Red Creole, “Wase”, “Dan Zaria”, “Dan Garko”, “Dan Giyawa”, “Bahaushe”, “Bakana” and “Yar Aleiro”) in Jos, Plateau State. Using the seedlings raised in the nursery, the genotypes were laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. Results showed that morphological attributes differed amongst the genotypes, except the number of leaves per plant, neck thickness and horizontal bulb diameter. The study concludes that genotypic differences, which are responsible for differences in fresh bulb and dry matter yields, exist amongst the different genotypes of onion. These attributes could be used as selection indices in the improvement of the onion. 

Author (s) Details

S. A. Sirajo 
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Nigeria.

Dr. O. A. T. Namo
Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding Unit, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

View Book: - http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/168