Climate Change Impact Assessment and Mitigation Options in the Energy Sector of African Countries | Chapter 7 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 6

 

Access to reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy is vital for achieving several    SDGs, influencing health, climate, land use, and economic development. Modern energy services drive agricultural transformation, support productive enterprises, and foster revenue-generating activities. However, energy consumption leads to emissions of pollutants like CO, hydrocarbons, SOx, NOx, methane, and particulates, impacting climate and health. Many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require access to dependable, affordable, and sustainable energy, as it has a substantial impact on health, climate, land use, and other sectors. Modern energy services are also required for agricultural transformation, the creation of productive firms, and the support of revenue-generating activities. As a result of energy consumption, combustion, and greenhouse impacts from emissions of environmental pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon compounds, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, methane, and particulates are examined. Among the many pollutants that contribute to climate change, CO2 emissions have received a lot of attention as the primary cause of climate change. Special attention should be given to investments and policies that promote all three goals or, at the very least, those that improve one or both without worsening the other. This report provides a (non-exhaustive) synthesis and assessment of energy consumption rates, supply, and access challenges in Africa, focusing on the connections, synergies, and conflicts with climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. The energy supply rate of about 20 African nations has been reported in this review, including petrol, diesel, LPG, coal, and kerosene for the economic years between 2009 and 2019. As income levels rise, energy utilisation patterns shift, and access to cleaner energy sources like electricity improves, enhancing overall well-being. However, Africa's energy mix needs recalibration to balance supply, access, and climate goals.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Godsday Idanegbe Usiabulu
World Bank, Africa Center of Excellence, Center for Oil Field Chemicals Research, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.

 

Eddy Ifeanyi Okoh
FHN 26 Limited (First Hydrocarbon) Block W Shell Estate Edjeba, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria.

 

Lucia Ndidi Okoh
Environmental management and toxicology, Southern Delta University, Delta State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v6/7332

Climate Science for a Changing Planet: Local Solutions to Global Crises |Book Publisher International

 

In an era marked by intensifying climate crises, understanding the science, spatial dimensions, and societal implications of climate change is more urgent than ever. Climate Science for a Changing Planet: Local Solutions to Global Crises offers an interdisciplinary and geography-centred exploration of the causes, consequences, and solutions to climate change, with a strong emphasis on contextual relevance and practical application. The book presents a comprehensive synthesis of climatology, environmental science, and sustainable development, tailored to the Indian context while aligned with global frameworks such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

 

Combining scientific rigour with accessible narrative, the book navigates key topics including the Earth’s climate system, greenhouse gas dynamics, vulnerability and risk assessment, and the socio-economic dimensions of climate change. It places particular emphasis on the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies to analyse spatial patterns and support evidence-based climate action. The methodological approach includes spatial analysis using geospatial tools, qualitative and quantitative case studies, participatory rural appraisals, and field-based vulnerability assessments, allowing for an integrated and evidence-driven understanding of climate impacts and responses.

 

Through rich case studies from urban, coastal, mountainous, and agrarian regions of India, the authors highlight how local actions—guided by geographic insights and technological tools—can shape meaningful climate resilience and mitigation outcomes. This book is a vital academic resource for students, educators, researchers, policymakers, and civil society actors seeking to bridge global climate science with grassroots realities. It repositions geography not only as a lens of observation but also as a strategic agent for sustainable change in the Anthropocene.

 

Author(s) Details

Dr. S. Balaselvakumar
Department of Geography, Government Arts College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Dr. P. Mary Santhi
Convent of Jesus and Mary, Agra, Uttra Pradesh, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-992493-7-0

Disaster Risk Reduction of Mangrove Forest Destruction in East Kalimantan Province | Chapter 1 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems that occur in mangrove forest areas continuously. Such problems have been occurring for a long time, caused by the inaccuracy of previous policies and the overlapping authority and selfishness of stakeholders. A mangrove forest can be briefly defined as a type of forest that grows in tidal areas (especially on sheltered beaches, lagoons, river estuaries) that are inundated at high tide and free from inundation at low tide where the plant community is salt-tolerant. As a result of this research, the implementation of policies carried out by the East Kalimantan Provincial Government can now be said to be successful, although there are still indicators that need to be improved, such as in the resource variable. Furthermore, it was discovered that issues persisted with the previous government's administration of the Mangrove Forest region. The findings of this study suggest that the policy of private sector activity program be evaluated in conjunction with the Central Government, and that supervision be provided following planting. Provisions in sectoral laws related to natural resources, apart from those that specifically regulate environmental protection as in Law 32/2009, are regulated in various forms. The government's implementation of policy activity program does not only involve the government and the community, but also involves the private sector and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as a form of participation in realized forest sustainability and improving the economy of communities in mangrove forest areas.

 

Author (s) Details

Hairun Jariah
University of 17 Agustus 1945 Samarinda, Jalan Ir. H. Juanda 80-Samarinda City, Province of East Kalimantan-75124, Indonesia.

 

Sukindar
University of 17 Agustus 1945 Samarinda, Jalan Ir. H. Juanda 80-Samarinda City, Province of East Kalimantan-75124, Indonesia.

 

Lisa Astria Milasari
University of 17 Agustus 1945 Samarinda, Jalan Ir. H. Juanda 80-Samarinda City, Province of East Kalimantan-75124, Indonesia.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v9/1530

Wooden Charcoal as Adsorbent Material to Capture CO2 in the CI engine Exhaust Fueled with Different Blends of Biodiesel | Chapter 4 | Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 9

A study on reducing the buildup of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere is now necessary due to the issues with global warming and climate change brought on by greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO₂. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) by absorption is a straightforward and superior technique for reducing CO₂ emissions, despite the fact that several CO₂ capture technologies have been developed for post-combustion processes. This study aims to reduce CO₂ emissions from internal combustion engines by employing woody charcoal as an inexpensive adsorbent material. This study also encourages the transition to renewable and non-edible biofuels by demonstrating the potential of biodiesel blends made from cottonseed and neem oil. The study also explores CO₂ collection methods using adsorbents to assist governments and companies in implementing cleaner energy sources. A single cylinder, four-stroke, computerized water-cooled, diesel engine with a 3.5 kW rated power was used to test the emission characteristics of the cotton seed oil and neem oil blends by varying the engine loads. This study was done for both with and without CCS. One hundred grammes of wooden charcoal was utilized in this analysis. According to the results, when operating at full load, the CCS with wooden charcoal adsorbed CO₂ emissions by 11.4%. Further, the CO and HC emissions were also adsorbed by 12% and 13.75%, respectively. However, because of the back pressure, the brake thermal efficiency for CCS is somewhat reduced.

 

Author (s) Details

G. Balaji
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.

 

D. Premnath
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.

 

V. Rajasekar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/stda/v9/3946

Climate-Smart Agriculture: Adaptive Strategies for Enhancing Resilience to Climate Variability | Chapter 5 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

Climate variability significantly impacts agriculture by disrupting traditional practices such as cropping, livestock rearing and fish farming. Subsistence farmers in impoverished regions, who heavily rely on natural resources, are of particular concern as they are especially vulnerable to intensified climate extremes, including droughts, floods and heatwaves. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the variability of climate in agriculture and the adaptive behaviour of farmers in response to climate change, synthesizing existing knowledge and examining measures for mitigating climate fluctuations. To achieve this, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the Scopus database, covering the past ten years. A total of 177 articles were identified through a methodological application of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework. Vosviewer software was used to visualise and analyse the bibliometric data. This study hypothesizes that adaptive strategies, such as climate-smart agriculture and early warning systems, significantly reduce farmers’ vulnerability to climate change. Key findings indicate that practices like conservation tillage, agroforestry and other climate-resilient approaches enhance agricultural sustainability and resilience. The results highlight the urgent need for further investigation and policy incentives to encourage adaptive behaviour and provide food security in the presence of climatic variability. The use of technology and resource optimization in recent agricultural adaptation strategies in developed countries is also highlighted. Thus, the conclusion of these findings encourages the widespread uptake of climate-smart practices coupled with early warning mechanisms to reduce climatic risks effectively. Further investigation into the extension services related to early warning systems, climate modelling and remote sensing is needed to improve awareness of climatic variability.

 

Author (s) Details

 

A. Malaisamy
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

S. Rithika
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

M. Raswanthkrishna
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (AI), Amrita University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v10/4698

Parametric Analysis and Photo Elastic Experiment of Stress Concentration Factor and Its Mitigation in Rectangular Plate with Opposite V- notches Subjected to In-Plane Loading | Chapter 6 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 16

 Various studies look at flat plates with sharp V-notches that are subjected to axial loads. There have been few attempts to reduce the stress concentration factor caused by V-notches. The current study uses an area reduction method to mitigate the stress distribution caused by a V notch under in-plane static loading in rectangular isotropic plates. For subtended angle, 2 of V notch 60,90,120, and 150, the changes of stress concentration factor (SCF) for varied b/A ratios, depth of V-notch to plate width are established. By inserting auxiliary semi circular notches surrounding the V-notch, the stress concentration factor (SCF) around the primary notch has been reduced. The impact of different geometric parameters on stress reduction is also investigated. A perfect size and placement of auxiliary semicircular notches has been found. Finite element analysis and the two-dimensional photo elasticity method were used in this study. The findings are shown graphically and discussed. The reduction in Stress Concentration Factor observed as a result of the placement of semicircular notches in the region is positive.

Author(S) Details

Shubhrata Nagpal
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Bhilai House, G. E. Road, Durg (C.G.), 491001, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V16/article/view/4059

Engendering Climate Change Impacts and Community Adaptation Strategies in Samburu Pastoral Communities, Kenya | Chapter 11 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 6

 Climate change poses a serious challenge to humanity's survival. Millions of people are already being impacted by current weather extremes, which are jeopardising food and water stability, as well as agricultural supply chains and many habitats and resources. Climate change is increasing the frequency of these incidents, exposing extreme poor countries to greater risks than affluent countries. Climate change has an effect on both men and women's lives in a variety of ways. Concerns are growing that climate change talks do not completely include affected groups, despite the fact that each of these groups is influenced by climate change in various ways. The effects of climate change, gender roles in the adaptation process, and various techniques used in a pastoralist society were all discussed in this article. The research was carried out in Kenya's Samburu East District, using participatory methods and approaches. The study used a survey method in which 180 households were randomly selected from a homogeneous pastoralist community; gender and age were also used to select the appropriate household respondents during purposive sampling. We have used focus groups, primary informant interviews, life histories, and observation. According to the results of the report, climate change impacts were felt differently by men and women in Samburu District. Women were found to be more vulnerable to the effects than their male counterparts due to the community's culturally gender constructed roles. The adaptation process revealed that women were more adaptable and had stronger strategies for resilience. The study concluded that gender must be mainstreamed in policies and legal structures that anchor Kenya's adaptation and mitigation of climate change, ensuring that both men and women participate fully in burden sharing and long-term growth. The study found that ethos and norms are important determinants of impact levels in the social framework of a society.

Author (s) Details

Eunice B. Ongoro
Insitute for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.

William Ogara
Department of Public Health Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V6/article/view/816

An Overview of Climate Change and Its Impact on Crop Productivity | Chapter 3 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 6

 One of the defining challenges of our time is minimal change. This climate change is triggered by natural and anthropogenic causes and has a significant effect on the availability of different resources on the planet. The natural being is demonstrated by multiple methods due to the frequent tidal pulls exerted by the celestial bodies on the atmosphere of the planet and the improved one's are due to changes in the environment across past and present. Changes in the biosphere, biodiversity and natural resources adversely affect human health and quality of life. India is expected to experience warming above global levels in the 21st century. With more warmth in the winters than in summers, India will also begin to experience more seasonal variation in temperature. In recent years, with colder night temperatures and hotter days, the longevity of heat waves across India has spread, and this pattern is expected to continue. The average change in temperature is expected to be 2.33 ° C- 4.78 ° C with A doubling in concentrations of CO2. These heat waves will contribute to an increase in summer monsoon precipitation variability, resulting in a dramatic impact on India's agriculture sector. A steady increase in the concentration and temperature of carbon dioxide ( CO2) across the globe is expected by climate models. Local weather conditions, such as rain, temperature, sunshine and wind, can increase food production as long as plant diseases can be managed in conjunction with locally adapted plant varieties, cropping systems and soil conditions. The most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) study shows that, relative to 1980-1999 temperatures, the average global temperature is expected to rise between 1.1 and 6.4 ° C by 2090-2099, with the most likely increase being between 1.8 and 4.0 ° C. Climate change will also affect global warming Precipitation trends, which affect both the amount of precipitation received and the distribution of precipitation in several locations over the course of an average year. With this climate change, impacts on the ecosystem, including the soil, can occur. Further analysis of soil-climate interactions in a changing environment is therefore important for resolving potential questions about food security. To resolve this, by inter-cropping and appropriate cropping systems / rotations / land use, we must increase crop diversity; implement land / water conservation agriculture methods suitable for varied agro-climates, balanced use of biocides / chemicals; increase carbon fixation in the soil by growing deep-rooted crops to minimise carbon foot printing; use water wisely: more crop / unit of water; use .

Author (s) Details

Dr. Bilal Ahmad Lone
Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.

Asma Fayaz
Chandigarh University, India.

Mehreen Manzoor
Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.

Najma Andrabi
Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.

Sameera Qayoom
Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.

Z. A. Dar
Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.

Faisal Rasool
Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.

Aijaz Lone
Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.

Sandeep Kumar
Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.

Nighat Mushatq
Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/281

Environmental Degradation Due to Industrial Activities: A Case Study on Uttara EPZ, Bangladesh| Chapter 1 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 5

 

The objective of this study is to classify the quality of the water and soil in the Uttara Export Processing Zone (UEPZ). In order to assess the water quality of the UEPZ, five heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn , Pb, Cr) were selected and two indices, such as the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and the Contamination Index (Cd), were chosen to assess the effect on water. The probability of heavy metal contamination in the soil was assessed by geological accumulation index (I) and pollution load index (PLI) methods for seven soil samples. UEPZ is the northern region 's significant industrial belt. Finding out the environmental effects of UEPZ is an significant issue. The findings showed that heavy metal concentrations in water samples were below the allowable WHO drinking water quality limits. In three places, the HPI of water samples was 20.57, which was less than 100, the vital value for drinking water. Both findings indicate that the area is moderately or slightly contaminated. For soil the geological evaluation of the cumulative index results showed that the contamination degree of 4 heavy metals follows the sequence of Mn > Zn > Fe > Cu. Then the results of PLI of seven soil sample are 1.474 > 1.398 > 1.372 > 1.308 > 1.302 > 1.290 > 1.289. Both results show the soil sample area were unpolluted to moderately polluted. Finally, an overall impact of UEPZs environment is also discussed in this paper. This paper will help the authority to take proper steps for minimizing the soil and water pollution. The legal agreements and laws should be stronger to save the environment. The environment comes first, so sustainable development is mandatory

Author (s) Details

Dr. Md. Emdadul Haque
Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh.

Moury Shermin
Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh.

Arifa Yasmin Mukta
Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh.

View Book :-  https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/279

Discussing the Potentials of Rural Women for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture | Chapter 4 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 The focus of the study was on rural women's ability to combat climate change and adapt to sustainable agriculture. In the management of complex households, rural women play an important role and follow several livelihood strategies that ensure that food is accessible to the increasing population. Climate change has significantly affected the activities of these rural women, who have developed mitigation and adaptation strategies to cope with the impacts associated with it. However, there has been inadequate utilisation of the possible contributions of rural women to climate change mitigation and adaptation for sustainable agriculture. The study suggested that mitigation and adaptation policies should be developed and enforced in order to include strategies for improved social security, business growth and job generation among rural women. Cushioning the impact on rural women of climate change. It also emphasises that the identification and implementation of agricultural programmes to support outreach education and training initiatives to facilitate the development of the skills of rural women in agricultural production who are vulnerable to climate change remains essential for sustainability.

Author (s) Details

Dr. E. N. Mbah
Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Dr. N. E. Amah
Federal College of Animal Heath and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.

E. T. Yanjoh
Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, Benue State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/274