Enclosure Fires of Single and Multi-Block propellant Charges | Chapter 11 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 12

 Ammonium perchlorate (AP) - hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) - aluminium (Al) solid propellant charges, in the form of one or more shaped blocks, are burned in an enclosure that simulates an ammunition storage room aboard a warship. The amount of charge used varies between 2 and 23 kilogrammes. The enclosure's fire activity and thermal response are assessed in terms of gas pressure and temperature, as well as wall heat flux and temperature. First, visible and infrared images are used to infer the burn characteristics of three different formed blocks. The rate of regression of the burning block's surface is found to be virtually independent of the burning block's geometry and atmospheric conditions; it is 1.3 0.1 mm/s, which is consistent with literature data for an AP/HTPB/Al-type propellant. The effects of enclosure confinement, wall insulation, and water spray on fire outcomes are also studied. A volumetric model developed by DGA TN is validated using some experimental results. Disagreements and agreements are discussed. Second, experimental data from single and multi-block propellant loads are compared to show what could happen if charge fragmentation occurs. It is discovered that the combined effects of increased exposed propellant surface area and block interaction result in a substantial increase in burning intensity, which leads to more serious fire consequences.

Author (s) Details

M. Mense
Direction Générale de l’Armement, Techniques Navales, BP 40195, 83050 Toulon Cedex, France.

Y. Pizzo
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 5 rue E. Fermi, Technopôle de Château-Gombert, 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France and RS2N, 371 chemin de Gaumin, 83640 St Zacharie, France and INNODEV, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot Curie, 13013 Marseille, France.

C. Lallemand
Direction Générale de l’Armement, Techniques Navales, BP 40195, 83050 Toulon Cedex, France.

N. Sardoy
Direction Générale de l’Armement, Techniques Navales, BP 40195, 83050 Toulon Cedex, France.

T. Porterie
INNODEV, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot Curie, 13013 Marseille, France.

P. Pouschat
INNODEV, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot Curie, 13013 Marseille, France.

B. Porterie
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 5 rue E. Fermi, Technopôle de Château-Gombert, 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France and RS2N, 371 chemin de Gaumin, 83640 St Zacharie, France and INNODEV, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot Curie, 13013 Marseille, France.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIPS-V12/article/view/289

Living Better through Yoga: Management of Body, Mind and Spirit | Chapter 8 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 

The need for a comprehensive or integrative conception is acknowledged by most developmental biologists. Yoga, Yoga  The method is holistic in that it takes care of an individual's well-being when addressing it.  The human body, the human spirit, and the soul of a human being. The integrative mechanism of spiritual evolution is  And with quick, continuous approaches such as mantra, yoga breathing exercises, it can be accomplished.  The mind is still unsteady as the wind wanders irregularly, but when the breathing is still, so is the mind.  Proper concentration for fasting rejuvenates the body and allows the mind focused. A Total Quick of  24 hours brings relief to the body. Five great elements are believed in healthy diets like Ayurveda: fire, fire,  Water, fire, air and space, creating the world, the human body included. That portion is yogic breathing  Pranayama seeks to regulate the actual expression of prana in the physical body.

Author Details

Viviana Siddhi
NGO the Mandala Transformation Foundation Inc., San Rafael, USA.

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Hazardous Activities and Effects on Market Fire in Nigeria | Chapter 6 | Current Research in Science and Technology Vol. 4

This research investigated the human awareness of hazardous activities and its effects on market fire in Nigeria. Three (3) main markets with high commercial activities selected for this study include Tejuosho market in Lagos, Mile 1 market in Port Harcourt and Ochanja market in Onitsha. Ten hazardous activities were identified within these selected markets. Methods for information gathering include interview, literature review, questionnaire, Occupational Health and Safety Standards (OHSAS) risk estimating procedures and statistical analysis tools. Results showed that human awareness of safety rules has significant effects on the annual level of market fire incident in Nigeria. Analysis of these hazardous activities indicated maximum risk score of 3000 and minimum of 9 for different risk consequences. The relationship of risks to fire incidents were directly proportional indicating that risk at 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 results in 55, 109, 293, 545, 1090 and 1637 incidents respectively. Test of significance (t-statistics) from risk scores caused by hazardous activities at s=100 (major accidents) and s=40 (few accidents) indicated great significant. The study concluded that market fire incidents will significantly be reduced annually if the frequency of hazardous activities were reduced or totally avoided. The researchers recommended the need for fire Professionals to enlighten traders on proper management of hazardous activities before setting up active and passive tools for fire prevention and control. 

Author(s) Details
Professor Ify L. Nwaogazie
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

View Book :-  http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/176