Repurposing NSAIDs for Cancer Treatment | Chapter 8 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 5

The advancement in drug development has encouraged researchers to repurpose FDA-approved drugs for revolutionary cancer therapies. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and celecoxib demonstrate potential in altering the tumor microenvironment through the inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, suppressing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to apoptosis and altering cancer stem cell markers to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Repurposing NSAIDs for the treatment of cancer provides an accelerated way for developing drugs and takes advantage of existing safety data. Several NSAIDs have been found against colorectal, breast, prostate, hepatic, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, ovarian, head and neck carcinoma. Among them, aspirin and celecoxib exhibited significant activity in clinical trials against familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, further research, including thorough clinical studies, is necessary to establish their effectiveness and safety in various types of cancer. This chapter will explore the spectrum of anticancer effects exhibited by NSAIDs that focus on both COX-dependent and COX-independent pathways in different tumor cell lines.

Author(s) Details

Rashmi Dewangan

Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Nidhi Agrawal
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Meenakshi Jaiswal
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

S.K. Lanjhiyana
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Shibangi Mukhopadhyay
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Rajkumar Sironiya
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v5/1803

Clinical Outcomes of Corticosteroid Injections in De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis: A Case Series | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 6

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis is a common ailment involving inflammation of tendons in the wrist’s first dorsal compartment. The Finkelstein test is a clinical examination used in the identification of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis. When conservative treatments like splinting and NSAIDs fail, corticosteroid injections are a minimally invasive alternative. The case series includes 18 patients from Orthopaedics OPD of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital in the year 2023 diagnosed with De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis. All patients received Triamcinolone injections after the failure of conservative therapy. This case series highlights how triamcinolone injections provided significant and rapid symptom relief in most patients, with over 80% showing improvement. The recurrence of symptoms and adverse effects were minimal, reinforcing corticosteroid injections as an effective first-line treatment following conservative management failure. These findings support the use of corticosteroid injections as a first-line treatment after failed conservative measures, with a low risk of recurrence or complications. Further studies could help identify which patient subgroups benefit most from this treatment.

 

Author (s) Details

Pugazhendhi G
Department of Orthopaedics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai – 600044, India.

 

Vasanthkumar C
Department of Orthopaedics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai – 600044, India.

 

Ganesh MT
Department of Orthopaedics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai – 600044, India

 

Muthu Akilan TP
Department of Orthopaedics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai – 600044, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v6/5562

Prediction of Active Sites of Bitter Taste Receptors through X-ray Crystal Structure of COX-2 Enzyme| Chapter 10 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 1

 

Conventional taste masking methods including the use of sweeteners, amino acids and flavoring agents are often inadequate in masking the taste of highly bitter substances such as NSAIDs, i.e. ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, mefenamic acid and etc., especially when these drugs are administered via the orally as syrups or solutions. The X-ray crystal structure of the enzyme COX-2 and the chemical structures of widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that bind to COX enzymes and activate the bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 are used in this commentary to discuss a novel approach to be used in the design of active sites of bitter taste receptors, especially TAS2R14. In order to better understand the nature of the interactions between bitter tastants and the chemical groups within the active site of the TAS2R14 receptor, the suggested approach entails docking calculations of the NSAIDs (ligands) to the active site of COX-2.

 

Author(s) Details:

 

Rafik Karaman
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine and Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viadell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.

 

Gennaro Mecca
Ricercatore at EXO Ricerca, Potenza, Italy.

 

Salma Jumaa
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

 

Please see the book here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v1/68

Evaluation of the In-vitro Anti- Inflammatory Activity of Nerium oleander Flower Extract by Using Protein Denaturation Method in India | Chapter 5 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

 In this present study anti-inflammatory potential of Nerium Oleander was investigated. Unpleasant side effects associated with prolonged use of current anti-inflammatory drugs have necessitated a need for new drugs with limited side effects. Plants rich in antioxidants have been suggested as potential sources of anti-inflammatory compounds. The intricate biological reaction of vascular tissues to damaging stimuli, such as infections, damaged cells, or irritants, includes inflammation. Its symptoms include redness, swelling, discomfort, stiffness, and loss of joint function. NSAIDs are currently used to treat inflammation. Unfortunately these drugs cause increased risk of blood clot resulting in heart attacks and strokes. Therefore, the developments of potent anti-inflammatory drugs from the natural products are now under considerations. Natural products are rich source for discovery of new drugs because of their chemical diversity. A natural product from medicinal plants plays a major role to cure many diseases associated with inflammation. The conventional drug available in the market to treat inflammation produces various side-effects. Based on the resulted the ethonolic extract of the flowers showed the highest anti inflammatory activity. The increments in absorbance of test samples with respect to control indicated stabilization of protein i.e. inhibition of heat-induced protein (albumin) denaturation by Nerium oleander and reference drug diclofenac sodium. The anti-inflammatory activity was found to be concentration dependent and may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals content in the flowers of Nerium oleander. Over all, It can be concluded that Nerium oleander possessed marked anti-inflammatory effect against the denaturation of protein.

Author(s) Details:

S. Jasmine Mary,
Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu-612001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V8/article/view/13968

A Brief Review on Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Classification, Mechanism of Action and Toxicity | Chapter 15 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Redness is a natural response to fabric damage or infection, begun by the immune order to facilitate repair and healing. Nonsteroidal antagonistic-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely recognized for their antagonistic-inflammatory, pain remover, and fever-reducing belongings. In addition to treating swelling, pain, and fever, NSAIDs are frequently used to treat severe and chronic angering conditions such as migraines, capacity to sense flavor, migraine symptoms, and arthritis. Low side effects of NSAIDs include sickness in stomach, dyspepsia, GI bleeds or ulcers, extreme liver enzymes, diarrhea, constipation, epistaxis, problem, dizziness, rash, fluid retention, and extreme blood pressure. The digestive system's exposure limits their application. This review investigate the potential of -COOH group protection to mitigate gastrointestinal toxicity, intending the development of NSAID prodrugs through ester linkage accompanying antioxidants. The envisioned prodrugs aim not only to address the digestive system's concerns but again to exhibit synergistic conduct, expanding the therapeutic potential of NSAIDs.

Author(s) Details:

Manoj Kumar Sahoo,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Nidhi Agrawal,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Meenakshi Jaiswal,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

S. K. Lanjhiyana,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V3/article/view/12760

Exploring the Potential of Ester Prodrugs of NSAIDs: A Comprehensive Overview | Chapter 12 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Prodrugs are bioreversible compounds of pharmacologically alive substances that must meet with an in vivo enzymatic and/or synthetic change to release the parent drug and produce the intended effect. The drug's pharmacological project is hidden in a prodrug and renewed via something which incites activity-mediated bioconversion. The exercise of the prodrug strategy allows the manipulation of a drug's solubility, synthetic stability, reduce presystemic absorption, andtargeting towards specific sites. Specific type of prodrugs are ester prodrugs, that are most commonly able by combining drugs accompanying carboxylic acid group and drugs containing alcoholic or phenolic groups indifferent esterification conditions. Skilled are literatures that extensively examine NSAID-ester prodrugs. Esterification of NSAIDs masks the free carboxylic acid group, reducing gastrointestinal aftereffects. The sustained release can disclose the reduced reactions. Ester prodrugs have the potential to be exploited for the purpose of modifying or changing drug characteristics, accordingly holding promise for future requests.

Author(s) Details:

ManojKumar Sahoo,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Nidhi Agrawal,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Meenakshi Jaiswal,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

S. K. Lanjhiyana,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V3/article/view/12713

Flupirtine: An Exigency Call for Medication Vigilant | Book Pi International

 

The purpose of this monograph is to provide an extensive review of the drug Flupirtine clinical
applications and its safety-related issues. While existing Non- Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
(NSAIDs) and Opioids which are used in the treatment of pain had some common adverse effects this
drug is devoid of adverse effects exhibited by NSAIDs and Opioids and is routinely used in clinics as
an analgesic particularly in India. Apart from its routine clinical use recently there are growing
concerns related to this drug for its hepatotoxicity hence it is withdrawn from the market of European
unions. Therefore, this monograph helps you to analyze its chemical nature, applications, recent
issues related to hepatotoxicity events that are reported with evidences in both the literature and also
databases. So that readers can gain awareness concerning this drug and also this can pose a
challenge to the regulatory bodies in India whether this drug can be safer to continue in the market or
any still further data can be required to prove its safety and efficacy because of increasing concerns
related to hepatotoxic events in recent days.

Author(s) Details

Lakshmi Narasimha Gunturu
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dr. Girirajasekhar Dornadula
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/242