In this review, we have aimed to cover the systematic study of
aminoglycoside group antibiotics drug resistance with respect to different
enzymes responsible for drug modification, and genetic traits involved in drug
resistance. Aminoglycosides are powerful, broad-spectrum antibiotics that can
cure infections that present a serious threat to life. Upon the seminal
introduction of streptomycin in 1944, an array of pivotal medications such as
kanamycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin subsequently emerged. This succession of
compounds incontrovertibly affirmed the utility of this category of antibiotics
in managing gram-negative bacterial infections. During the 1970s, the
introduction of semi-synthetic aminoglycosides, including dibekacin, amikacin,
and netilmicin, demonstrated the feasibility of developing therapeutics with
diverse toxicological profiles and efficacy against strains displaying
resistance mechanisms to earlier-generation aminoglycosides. However, since
that time, the rate of novel aminoglycoside development has significantly
reduced. Contrarily, after a period of intensive scientific and clinical
research, we now see these medications considerably differently from how people
did when they were initially presented to the clinic. Antibiotic aminoglycoside
resistance has significantly impacted clinical practice. The difficulty of
resistance was one of the first faced by aminoglycosides, despite their potent
bactericidal efficacy. The enzymatic alteration of the antibiotic is the most
frequent form of clinically significant resistance against these treatments.
Consequently, enhanced comprehension of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and
their interactions with antibiotics is essential to promote the development of
superior inhibitors and innovative semi-synthetic aminoglycosides. These novel
compounds should demonstrate increased potency and efficiency while remaining
unaffected by modifying enzymes. The study concluded that Aminoglycoside
antibiotics have demonstrated synergistic antibacterial effects when combined
with other antibacterial agents, anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, natural
plant extracts, and various compounds. Combining antibiotics with additional
medications is a key technique for combating bacterial resistance. It is
anticipated that the prediction of old AGAs therapeutic targets and the
examination of critical bacterial growth mechanisms will set the groundwork for
the discovery of novel AGAs derivatives and drugs coupled with AGAs.
Author(s)
Details
Zahraa
A.H. AL-Tameemi
Department of Quality Assurance and Academic Performance,
Al-Iraqia University, Iraq.
Noor D.
Almanaseer
Medlabs Consultancy Group, Amman, Jordan, Iraq.
Nesreen
Ahmed Nasser
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine,
Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v4/1248
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