The limit of the atmosphere and the beginning of space are
considered to be at 100 km altitude. Microgravity is the term used to
characterise the very low acceleration level encountered inside a spacecraft in
LEO (Low Earth Orbit). The study aims to monitor atmospheric operations and
their applications. Chemical composition in the lower layers: 78% of nitrogen,
21% of oxygen, 1% of argon, and < 0.1% others and then a very small amount
of other molecules, mainly water vapour and carbon dioxide, are present, which
are in fact greenhouse gases, so they are important although they are small in
quantity in the atmosphere compared to the other components. In terms of
temperature evolution towards the atmosphere, at the level of the ground, with
a temperature of 288 K, or 15°C. As one goes up in the mesosphere, about 50 km
altitude, the temperature decreases again, and then above 80-90 km altitude it
starts to increase again, because of the ionisation of the oxygen, mainly, and
somewhat nitrogen atoms in the so-called thermosphere. Microgravity: these are
the conditions that one can have in free fall. If someone has pure free fall,
they are going to have zero-g or weightlessness, but in fact, there are always
perturbing forces. The Hohmann transfer is a special kind of transfer from one
circular orbit to another circular orbit. First of all, manoeuvring in orbit is
basically <i>ΔV vectorial</i> that, if applied at some point in the
orbit of a satellite or spacecraft that one will change the orbit. Here is an
example of an initial circular orbit, and if velocity is added in the direction
of the circular velocity. At some point,
<i>ΔV</i>, if added, it will change the orbit to an
elliptical orbit of high energy. Basically, energy was added to the orbit,
kinetic energy was also added, so a larger value of the semi-major axis can be
obtained instead of the radius <i>r</i> of the initial circular
orbit. An elliptical orbit appears, which has a semi-major axis larger than the
radius of the initial circular orbit. Now, only instantaneous
<i>ΔV</i> will be considered. This is the simplification. Most of
the time, the initial conditions are a spacecraft on the ground, called the
chaser, which is active and another spacecraft in orbit, the target, which is
passive.
Author(s)
DetailsP.Sateesh
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.
A.Rajesh
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.
Ch.Chakrapani
Department of BS&H, Seshadri Rao Gudlavalleru Engineering
College, India.
P.Siva
Kumar
Department of Physics, Kaveri University, Gowraram, India.
Y.Durga
Sravanthi
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.
Masma
Shaik
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.
Hemanth
Kumar Narsetti
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.
M.Rajesh
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.
T.Ram
Prasad
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.
K.Gopinath
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Engineering College, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psniad/v2/5931
No comments:
Post a Comment