Purpose: The purpose of this study is to help readers understand the important role of mangrove forests in biodiversity and their development, which is very useful for present and future people if they know how to protect and develop them.
Background: If the tree species are not protected, some species
may become extinct due to land expansion for residential development and
agricultural and fishery production. So, it is necessary to investigate and
discover tree species abundant in the Mekong Delta in order to develop land on
the southern coast of Vietnam and based on that apply for food and medicine of
forest trees. Western Mekong Delta (WMD) had alluvium sediments flow from
upstream China to Vietnam by the river branches, then get out the sea. These
sediments accumulated gradually with the elevation of the new land. The coastal
where mangrove forests with a rich ecosystem of plants and animals. Over time,
these forests change, with different plant species succeeding each other. This
study aims to find plant species, forest types based on ecological regions,
biodiversity of tree species, and abundance communities, measured growth of the
forest in this region.
Methods: In 2023, a comprehensive survey was conducted using a
systematic approach. Ecological zoning was done based on soil distribution,
topography, water regime and plant community distribution, and divides the
ecological areas that variety of characteristics into different ecological
sub-regions. Investigate the situation of woody plant species in mangrove
forests in sub-regions. The number of survey plots depends on the density of
the forest. Based on the width of the forest range, the number of survey plots
in the sub-region is set up from 10 to 15 plots. In total, 68 plots have been
established in this area, the area of the plot is 100 square meters (10m x
10m). The statistical software was used to survey and analyse data. PRIMER 6
software was used to analyze similarities between species.
Results: Based on the soil properties, topography, and
distribution of mangrove forest vegetation in the western sea of the Mekong
Delta, the mangrove forests in this region are divided into 4 sub-regions.
Found the number of species in each ecological region and growth situation, in
which the important thing is to evaluate the adaptation of species in each
sub-region to propose which species to choose as the main species in
afforestation the fastest land on the sea. The result provided a picture of the
tree species composition, distribution, and community structures in each sub-region.
The result of the survey showed that sub-region one has seven species;
sub-region two has eleven species; sub-region three has eight species; and
sub-region four has ten species. Of the total species of the mangrove forest in
the Western Mekong Delta 16 species from 11 plant families have been
identified. Among these species, 6 dominant species Avicennia officinali), Avicennia alba, Rhizophora apiculata, Excoecaria
agallocha, Someratia caseolaris, and Bruguiera yipamoriza. From the
investigation have been found two species that grow best on new land Avicennia
officinalis and Avicennia alba these findings show they can develop on the
original new land for the shore of the Western Mekong Delta. The survey results
also calculated the average height (Ht), diameter (D1.3), canopy (Dc), and
health (He) of the natural mangrove tree for each sub-region and total region.
Results of the division of forestry structure, the structure of height (H),
diameter (D1.3), canopy, and heath (He).
Conclusion and Suggestions: The references of Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia alba, Sonneratia caceolaris,
Sonneratia ovate, Rhizophora apiculata and other species from leaves and
fruits can be used partly to replace starch for food processing livestock and
poultry feed and raising aquatic species from renewable bioenergy on mangroves
is huge. Based on the current state of the forest to the four current
sub-regional conditions, the state builds a sustainable development strategy
and mobilizes the community to participate in protecting and developing forests
to the natural regeneration conditions of them. There are Avicennia officinalis and Avicenniaalba
two species that can develop plants to expand natural land by planting a
forest. These adapted species can exploit food and medicinal herbs in the
biodiversity distribution abundance of these species. It can help Vietnam by
measures using the species Aviecennia
to be discovered will promote sea reclamation faster instead of letting the
natural law of sea reclamation follow.
Author
(s) Details
Luom
Thanh Thai
Faculty of Natural resources and Environment, Kien Giang
University, Vietnam.
Anh
Tuan Nguyen
Faculty of Natural resources and Environment, Kien Giang
University, Vietnam.
Bao
Manh Ngoc Nguyen
Institute of Applied Sustainable and Technology of Nguyen Tat
Thanh University in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Hao
Thanh Truong
Department of Agriculture and Rural development of Kien Giang
University, Vietnam.
Anh
Quynh Le
Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Kien Giang
University, Vietnam.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v4/4116
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