Cancer and Attachment Theory | Chapter 9 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Cancer traditionally is viewed through the lens of the biomedical model. It has been suggested that a

broader theoretical framework with psychosocial components related to the development of cancer is
needed to provide a complementary perspective. The purpose here is to explore the utility of
attachment theory as a biopsychosocial model of both development and health. Attachment, a theory
of socio-emotional development, explains how social interactions between caregiver and child
establish lifelong psychosocial, physiological, affective, and cognitive patterns, as well as stress
response patterns to threat or illness. Despite attachment theory’s biopsychosocial foundation, the
application of attachment security as a factor in physical health and psychosomatic medicine is
relatively recent. This work reviews attachment theory and psychosocial literature on cancer and
follows a novel approach that conceptually integrates attachment theory and psychosocial related
cancer literature. A concluding integrative model of attachment theory and the type C behavior pattern
is provided to illustrate potential links and integrative processes that may lead to disease resilience or
vulnerability.

Author(s) Details

Dr. A. M. Tacón,.
Department of Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.

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An Approach of Transvestism Recognized in EhlersDanlos Syndrome: Report of Two Cases | Chapter 6 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) comprises a series of rare hereditary connective tissue diseases
characterized by musculoskeletal, skin and cardiovascular involvements. EDS may be associated with physical as well as psychological pain that can lead to psychiatric problems. EDS imposes substantial psychological burden on patients, and recent large-scale studies have suggested that patients with EDS have a higher risk of mood disorders than the general population. To the best of our knowledge, we describe, for the first time, the cases of two Japanese patients with EDS complicated with mood disorders who secondarily developed transvestism that was judged strongly related to early stressful situations through childhood and adolescence. The first case was of a man in his mid-30s and the second of a woman in her late 20s. We report on detailed psychosocial data to further discuss the medical management and genetic counseling of such infrequent but challenging conditions. Physicians are advised to be aware of various potential psychological and psychiatric issues that may accompany EDS.

Author (s) Details

Hiroki Ishiguro  
Department of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan and Genetic Disease Medical Center, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan..

Naomi Honobe
Department of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan.

Mariko Tamai
Genetic Disease Medical Center, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan and Department of Fundamental Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Shinshu, Japan.

Takaya Nakane
Genetic Disease Medical Center, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan and Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan.

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Mindfulness and Cancer Pain | Chapter 7 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 

Pain is the most distressing and incapacitating symptom experienced by cancer patients. While
mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) interventions have been conducted with cancer patients,
no study has explored psychological and pain-related factors in patients with cancer-related pain. The
effects of an eight-week MBSR intervention were investigated on pre-post scores for pain
catastrophizing, pain-related anxiety, pain intensity ratings, and mental adjustment to cancer in breast
cancer patients with pain. Forty-one women diagnosed withcancer-related pain participated in the
study. The MBSR was conducted over eight weeks; participants were trained in the body scan, sitting
meditation, and hatha yoga with formal guidance and direction as to daily homework practice. Results
showed significant reduction in scores for pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, and pain ratings;
significant positive changes occurred for mental adjustment to cancer. This study is the first to
investigate MBSR effects for psychological factors in patients with cancer pain.

Author(s) Details

Dr. A. M. Tacón,
Department of Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.

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Detection, Characterization, and Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Periodontal Ligament Tissue: Advanced Study | Chapter 4 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of somatic stem cells that exert a potential to differentiate

into multiple cell types and undergo robust clonal self-renewal, therefore they are considered as a
highly promising stem cell population for the tissue engineering. MSCs are identified in various adult
organs including dental tissues. Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a highly specialized connective tissue
that surrounds the tooth root. PDL also contains MSCs population and many researchers have
isolated them and performed their detailed characterization. Here, we review the current
understanding of the features and functions of MSCs population in PDL tissues and discuss their
possibility for the application of PDL regeneration.

Author(s) Details

Atsushi Tomokiyo
Division of Endodontics, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Shinichiro Yoshida
Division of Endodontics, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Sayuri Hamano

Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan and OBT Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Daigaku Hasegawa
Division of Endodontics, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Hideki Sugii
Division of Endodontics, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Hidefumi Maeda
Division of Endodontics, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan and Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

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Obesity and Endometrial Cancer | Chapter 8 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 

In developed and westernized countries such as the United States, endometrial cancer (EC) is the
most common gynecological cancer with incidence rates being as much as 10 times higher than other
cultures. The majority of women present with postmenopausal and abnormal perimenopausal
bleeding, and almost 75% of these patients are in the early disease stage, yet the death rate has
risen. Also, an unprecedented increase in obesity prevalence rates has occurred. This article reviews
current research as to the relation between endometrial cancer and this disease’s major risk factor of
excess body weight.

Author(s) Details
 
Dr. A. M. Tacón,
Department of Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.

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A Case Representation of Uncomplicated Bifid Meckle’s Diverticulum Mimicking Recurrent Appendicitis | Chapter 10 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 

Meckel’s diverticulum is the rare congenital anomaly in children. When inflamed, it can mimic acute
appendicitis. The distal end of the Meckel’s diverticulum is usually rounded and narrow. We present a
case of partially bifid Meckel’s diverticulum in a young boy who presented with features of recurrent
appendicitis. During appendectomy, a bifid Meckle’s diverticulum was found in the distal ileum. It was
excised with V shaped ileal wall. Histopathology showed features of Meckel’s diverticulum without any
Gastric or pancreatic tissue in mucosa. Clinicians should be wary of a bifid Meckel’s diverticulum as a
very rare anomaly that can be symptomatic mimicking appendicitis.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Thulasi Vasudevaiah
Department of Surgery, JSS Medical College & Hospital, JSS University, Mysore-4, Karnataka, India.

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Exosomes and the Cargo microRNAs in Ischemic Heart Disease |Chapter 1 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Background: To cure ischemic diseases, angiogenesis needs to be improved by various strategies in

ischemic area. Considering that microRNA-132 (miR-132) regulates endothelial cell behavior during
angiogenesis and the safe and efficacious delivery of microRNAs in vivo is rarely achieved, an ideal
vehicle for miR-132 delivery could bring the promise for ischemic diseases. As a natural carrier of
biological molecules, exosomes are more and more developed as an ideal vehicle for miRNA transfer.
Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cells could release large amounts of exosomes. Thus, this study
aimed to investigate whether MSC-derived exosomes can be used for miR-132 delivery in the
treatment of myocardial ischemia.
Methods: MSC-derived exosomes were electroporated with miR-132 mimics and inhibitors. After
electroporation, miR-132 exosomes were labelled with DiI and added to HUVECs. Internalization of
DiI-labelled exosomes was examined by fluorescent microscopy. Expression levels of miR-132 in
exosomes and HUVECs were quantified by real-time PCR. The mRNA levels of miR-132 target gene
RASA1 in HUVECs were quantified by real-time PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to
examine the targeting relationship between miR-132 and RASA1. The effects of miR-132 exosomes
on the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells were evaluated by tube formation assay. Matrigel plug
assay and myocardial infarction model were used to determine whether miR-132 exosomes can
promote angiogenesis in vivo.
Results: miR-132 mimics were effectively electroporated and highly detected in MSC-derived
exosomes. The expression level of miR-132 was high in HUVECs preincubated with miR-132 mimicelectroporated exosomes and low in HUVECs preincubated with miR-132 inhibitor-electroporated
exosomes. The expression level of RASA1, miR-132 target gene, was reversely correlated with miR-
132 expression in HUVECs pretreated with exosomes. Luciferase reporter assay further confirmed
that RASA1 was a direct target of miR-132. Exosomes loaded with miR-132, as a vehicle for miRNA
transfer, significantly increased tube formation of endothelial cells. Moreover, subcutaneous injection
of HUVECs pretreated with miR-132 exosomes in nude mice significantly increased their
angiogenesis capacity in vivo. In addition, transplantation of miR-132 exosomes in the ischemic
hearts of mice markedly enhanced the neovascularization in the peri-infarct zone and preserved heart
functions.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that the export of miR-132 via MSC-derived exosomes
represents a novel strategy to enhance angiogenesis in ischemic diseases.

Author(s) Details

Junjie Yang
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Jiacheng Sun
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

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