Effectiveness of Trimetazidine, a Cytoprotective Agent in Ischemic Heart Disease | Chapter 7 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 The goal of metabolic medicines like trimetazidine is to provide cytoprotection in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) by inhibiting cardiac fatty acid oxidation and enhancing myocardial glucose utilisation. Trimetazidine is a potentially life-saving medicine that works by changing the metabolism of cardiac cells so that glucose instead of fat is used. To demonstrate the effectiveness of trimetazidine in decreasing angina and enhancing exercise tolerance.

Methods: On day 0 of the study, 50 patients with chronic stable angina who were receiving conventional treatment had a stress test (treadmill) to assess parameters such as effort duration and ST-segment alterations at the end of the exercise. Following the evaluation, the patients will be administered trimetazidine at a daily dose of 60 mg (in three divided doses) for six weeks. A second stress test evaluation was performed after the time limit had expired.

The participants in this study were 50 patients with chronic stable angina, 35 of whom were men and 15 of whom were women. Trimetazidine consumption resulted in an increase in mean exercise time from 7.086.96 to 8.30.75, as well as good symptomatic improvement (in 31 patients). In 15 patients, there was no discernible increase in effort duration (>1 minute). There were no serious side effects noted, thus the medicine was not stopped.

Conclusion: Trimetazidine is an effective anti-anginal as monotherapy and as a cytoprotective adjuvant to conventional anti-anginals.

Author (s) Details

Sharanjit Kaur
Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Harinder Jot Singh
Department of Physiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Sanjay Nayyar
Department of Medicine Gian Sagar Medical College, Rajpura, Punjab, India.

Navpreet Kaur
Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Sami Manzoor
Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V6/article/view/1707

How Ischemic Heart Diseases Mortality Depends on Solar Corpuscular Radiation: A Case from Bulgaria | Chapter 6 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 Ischemic heart disease claims the lives of 20% of Bulgarians. A study was done to learn more about if and to what extent ischemia disease mortality in Bulgaria is linked to external factors, particularly corpuscular sun radiation.

Materials and Methods: The Bulgarian National Statistical Institute provided data on ischemic heart disease mortality. The NOAA website provided data on solar corpuscular radiation. The data was processed using correlation and regression analysis.

Results: The annual figure I20 to I25, according to the International Classification of Disease 10th Revision, forms a high statistically significant correlation of the protons with energy above 1 MeV and alpha parts with energy between 4 to 10 MeV on the one hand, as well as the mortality of both males and females with ischemic disorders in bulgaria. The highest correlation coefficient was the dependence of female ischemic heart disease on the alpha particle flux: 0.939, a statistical significance level of 0,001. In Bulgaria the mortality from ischemic disease is negatively linked to the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field in Bulgaria (for male mortality, the correlation coefficient is -0.888, the level of statistical significance 0.001). In Bulgaria, on the one hand, the average number of annual sunflakes, and x-ray radiation (0.1 – 0.8nm) of the geostationary orbit, on the other hand, is not statistically significantly correlated. In the case of Galactic cosmic radiation and death from ischemic heart disease in Bulgaria, no statistically significant correlation exists. Examples are provided for a date interval correlated with intensive proton flow and ischemic mortality.

Discussion: Results show that an unknown phenomenon exists – a causal link between mortality from ischemic cardiovascular diseases in both Bulgaria and solar corpuscular radiation fluxes. This phenomenon contributes about 6 to 10 percent to Bulgaria's mortality risk from ischemical heart disease. In other small, mid-latitude countries, this phenomenon can also be seen. The phenomenon appears during the day, particularly if the sun is at its climax, especially during the warm part of the year, when more people are outside without buildings being protected.

Author (s) Details

Nikolay Takuchev
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Trakia University, Bulgaria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V8/article/view/1424

Does the Angel of Death Sometimes Use Solar Alpha Particles to Take Our Souls? | Book Publisher International

 The first paragraph is an introduction. Ischemic heart disease is the first on the list of the top ten most common causes of death in 2016, according to WHO figures, independent of the state's economic status. A study was done to learn more about whether and to what extent ischemic heart disease mortality is linked to external factors such as the planetary magnetic field, solar radiation, and galactic cosmic rays.

Methods and Materials: Ischemic heart disease mortality statistics from credible statistical sources - Eurostat, OECD, UN statistics, and the Bulgarian National Statistical Institute – were utilised from 2005 to 2017. Data on solar corpuscular radiation was gathered from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite series at a NOAA location (GOES). PSTAR and ASTAR databases and calculators were used to calculate the journey length and energy of high-energy protons and alpha particles through the atmosphere. The geomagnetic field data for Bulgaria was collected from the INTERMAGNET website. For 5 European neutron monitors, data on galactic cosmic rays was gathered from the NMDB database. The data was processed using correlation and regression analysis.

Results: A strong statistically significant link was discovered between annual fluxes of protons and alpha particles on the one hand, and male and female ischemic disease mortality in a variety of European and Asian nations on the other. The reliance of female ischemic heart disease on alpha-particle flux for Bulgaria has the highest correlation coefficient: 0.939, with a statistical significance level of 0.001. Date intervals with intense alpha particles and proton fluxes, as well as ischemia mortality, are presented as examples.

Discussion Points: The findings point to a possible causative link between ischemic heart disease mortality and solar positive corpuscular radiation fluxes. In Bulgaria, these effects were predicted to contribute 10% to the risk of death from ischemic heart disease. A method is hypothesised in which positively charged high-energy solar particles enter the atmosphere and reach the earth's surface through sites where the particles are not influenced by the earth's magnetic field, i.e. where the condition of parallel induction of the earth's magnetic field and particle invasion in the atmosphere is met. This condition allows for the calculation of the width of the impact zone - between 28°N and 48°N - as well as the dates of elevated danger for sites on the earth's surface inside this zone. The energy necessary for the particles to overcome interactions with particles in the atmosphere was calculated to be between 2.5 and 3.4 GeV for protons and 6.2 to 7.5 GeV for alpha particles. In geostationary orbit, a large flux of alpha particles with energy above 3.4 GeV is recorded, but the proton flux with energies above 0.7 GeV is hundreds of times smaller, according to satellite observational data (GOES 13). This makes it more likely that high-energy alpha particles reach the earth's surface, where they act as a trigger for circulatory processes that cause death, especially in the elderly.

Author(s) Detalis

Nikolay Takuchev
Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/DADSUSAPTOS/article/view/974

Exosomes and the Cargo microRNAs in Ischemic Heart Disease |Chapter 1 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Background: To cure ischemic diseases, angiogenesis needs to be improved by various strategies in

ischemic area. Considering that microRNA-132 (miR-132) regulates endothelial cell behavior during
angiogenesis and the safe and efficacious delivery of microRNAs in vivo is rarely achieved, an ideal
vehicle for miR-132 delivery could bring the promise for ischemic diseases. As a natural carrier of
biological molecules, exosomes are more and more developed as an ideal vehicle for miRNA transfer.
Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cells could release large amounts of exosomes. Thus, this study
aimed to investigate whether MSC-derived exosomes can be used for miR-132 delivery in the
treatment of myocardial ischemia.
Methods: MSC-derived exosomes were electroporated with miR-132 mimics and inhibitors. After
electroporation, miR-132 exosomes were labelled with DiI and added to HUVECs. Internalization of
DiI-labelled exosomes was examined by fluorescent microscopy. Expression levels of miR-132 in
exosomes and HUVECs were quantified by real-time PCR. The mRNA levels of miR-132 target gene
RASA1 in HUVECs were quantified by real-time PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to
examine the targeting relationship between miR-132 and RASA1. The effects of miR-132 exosomes
on the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells were evaluated by tube formation assay. Matrigel plug
assay and myocardial infarction model were used to determine whether miR-132 exosomes can
promote angiogenesis in vivo.
Results: miR-132 mimics were effectively electroporated and highly detected in MSC-derived
exosomes. The expression level of miR-132 was high in HUVECs preincubated with miR-132 mimicelectroporated exosomes and low in HUVECs preincubated with miR-132 inhibitor-electroporated
exosomes. The expression level of RASA1, miR-132 target gene, was reversely correlated with miR-
132 expression in HUVECs pretreated with exosomes. Luciferase reporter assay further confirmed
that RASA1 was a direct target of miR-132. Exosomes loaded with miR-132, as a vehicle for miRNA
transfer, significantly increased tube formation of endothelial cells. Moreover, subcutaneous injection
of HUVECs pretreated with miR-132 exosomes in nude mice significantly increased their
angiogenesis capacity in vivo. In addition, transplantation of miR-132 exosomes in the ischemic
hearts of mice markedly enhanced the neovascularization in the peri-infarct zone and preserved heart
functions.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that the export of miR-132 via MSC-derived exosomes
represents a novel strategy to enhance angiogenesis in ischemic diseases.

Author(s) Details

Junjie Yang
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Jiacheng Sun
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/243