Rising Trends in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiological Insights and Future Directions in Multimodal Treatment and Prevention |Chapter 7 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

People under the age of 50 are experiencing an increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as an increasing mortality rate associated with the disease. This is a well-known fact. As a result of these patterns, a flurry of research has been conducted with the objective of elucidating the epidemiology and characteristics of colorectal cancer that manifests at an early stage, as well as developing strategies for early detection and prevention.

There are two methods that can be utilised in order to identify and prevent early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults who do not exhibit any symptoms: There are two types of screening: 1) population-based screening for individuals who would otherwise be considered to be at average risk, and 2) precision screening, which takes into account factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and family history. Initiating early screening based on family history is the primary precision screening technique that is recommended for the early detection and prevention of early-onset CRC. This technique is also known as genetic screening.  However, the most important thing that should we do is early screening for this specific age group.

 

Author (s) Details

Budhi Ida Bagus
Department of Surgery, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v9/2487

 

The Interrelationship between Blood Glucose Values and Cellular Metabolism: A Review | Chapter 6 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

This review aims to reveal additional insight into the relation between blood glucose value and cell metabolism and, furthermore to propose a more appropriate approach than blood glucose value for the assessment of cell metabolism. The persistence of functional and morphological integrity of living organisms is supported by cell metabolism, therefore its diagnostic assessment is of basic importance. The relationship between blood glucose value and cellular metabolism in stress reaction (a physiological state) and diabetes (a pathophysiological state) was investigated. Metabolism is considered the central physiological process of the living organism: therefore, the existence of metabolism can be referred to as the "marker of life". The study discusses metabolic characteristics of acute, repetitive, and chronic stress conditions respectively, and defines the terms: eumetabolism, dysmetabolism, and hypermetabolism with vs. without energetic equilibrium. In all chronic stress states persistence of the stressor triggering the stress reaction is emphasized as a harmful factor. Acute and repetitíve stress is referred to as a health-saving adaptive mechanism, but chronic stress with an energetic imbalance of cell metabolism is suggested as a health-threatening maladaptive phenomenon. Glucose toxicity is proposed as the main pathogenetic factor in eliciting and supporting chronic stress reactions. The interrelations between metabolic settings of diabetes, ischemia, and chronic stress, furthermore the metabolic effect of acute and chronic hyperglycemia (diabetes) on cell metabolism are discussed. Authors emphasize, that blood glucose value is of basic importance in determining the therapy of diabetes, but not in assessment of the cellular metabolic state. The rationale behind this statement is that blood glucose can really be referred to as a transport parameter, which reflects the actual equilibrium between glucose transport to the blood from the intestinal tract and glucose deposits, on the one hand, and glucose transport into peripheral tissues (glucose disposal) from blood, on the other hand. The relation between the trigger-specific somatic adaptation and the stressor-induced non-specific metabolic alterations is disputed. Authors suggest that metabolic characterization of acute, repetitive, and chronic stress states is a more reliable approach in the evaluation of cell metabolic state (referred to as „metabolic diagnosis”) than blood glucose determination related to blood glucose transport. Similarities of metabolic states of starvation, pregnancy, and SGLT2 inhibitor treatment are detailed as an example of the clinical application of „metabolic diagnosis”. Chronic stress with the preserved energetic balance of cell metabolism, characterized by glucopenic mild ketosis resulting in a unique cellular metabolic state of maximum energetic efficacy is emphasized. The distinct metabolic characteristics of acute, repetitive, and chronic stress reactions can be well described and their identification (the "metabolic diagnosis") provides a more accurate approach to defining the metabolic state of the organism compared to the determination of blood glucose values.

 

Author (s) Details

Kornél Simon
Department of Internal Medicine, County Hospital, Siófok, Hungary.

 

Attila Cziráki
Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v9/2498

 

An Overview on Parkinsons Hyperpyrexia Syndrome: Efficacy of Single Dose | Chapter 5 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome (PHS) is a neurological emergency that mimics neuroleptic malignant syndrome and sepsis. Abrupt cessation of anti parkinsons drugs, usually levodopa is responsible for this syndrome. This study reports a case of a 70-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus (managed with insulin), hypertension, and Parkinson's disease, who presented with sudden onset of fever, altered sensorium, and exacerbated parkinsonian features over the past day. Relative dopamine deficiency is a proposed mechanism for PHS and the replacement of dopaminergic drugs is the mainstay of treatment. Missing even a single dose of levodopa can precipitate PHS, highlighting the importance of early identification, which can be life-saving. While sudden cessation of levodopa is linked to a relative dopamine deficiency state that leads to PHS—a mimic of neuroleptic malignant syndrome—there remains uncertainty about how abrupt the cessation must be or how many doses need to be missed to trigger these symptoms. Our case is an eye-opener to show that missing even a single dose of levodopa can induce PHS, a potentially preventable and treatable condition that if untreated can mimic sepsis and is fatal.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Raghavendra Bakki Sannegowda
Department of Neurology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

Najeeb Behzad Mohammed
Department of Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

Mohammed Ismail Hejamadi
Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

Bhawna Sharma
Department of Neurology, SMS Medical College Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

 

Parul Dubey
Department of Neurology, Goa Medical College Hospital, Goa, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v9/2229

Mitochondrial DNA-induced Inflammation Response of Epigallocatechin Gallate for Burn Wound | Chapter 4 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

 

Background: Burns are dynamic wounds that may present a progressive deepening and expansion of the initial burn area, a process defined as burn wound progression. There are multiple factors involved in the pathophysiology of burn wound progression, however, the exact mechanisms are unclear and the therapeutic modalities are limited. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of epigallocatechin gallate on experimental burn wound progression.

Methods: A deep second-degree burn was produced on male Wistar rats. Epigallocatechin gallate was systemically administrated as a treatment intervention. Mitochondrial DNA level in serum and level of proinflammatory cytokines in burn wounds was detected. Malonaldehyde content, myeloperoxidase activity, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome levels in the burn wounds were measured. The histopathological examination of burn wounds was performed and the time to wound re-epithelialization was recorded.

Results: Burn resulted in remarkably higher levels of mitochondrial DNA release in serum and proinflammatory cytokines in burn wounds. Moreover, the malonaldehyde content, myeloperoxidase activity, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome level in burn wounds were significantly higher than that of sham burn. Epigallocatechin gallate treatment significantly reduced mitochondrial DNA levels in serum and inflammatory response in burn wounds. Furthermore, the burn wound depth of rats in the epigallocatechin gallate group was markedly attenuated and the wound re-epithelialization time was accelerated.

Conclusion: Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorated burn wound progression probably by inhibiting mitochondrial DNA-induced inflammation and protecting wounds from inflammatory infiltration and oxidative damage.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Mengjing Xiao
Department of Burn Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, P.R. China.

 

Hongming Yang
Department of Burn Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, P.R. China.

 

Ruichen Wang
Department of Burn Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, P.R. China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v9/2472

 

Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies among Healthcare Workers | Chapter 3 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

The state of Guanajuato in Mexico has a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases, significantly affecting healthcare workers due to their contact with infected patients. It was made a review of the literature on seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers, and it was found a significant association between seropositivity and the type of work unit, as well as community exposure, while training in the proper use of personal protective equipment demonstrated a preventive and protective effect against SARS-CoV-2. These findings highlight the importance of healthcare workers adequately protecting themselves both in their work environment and in the community, not only in Guanajuato state.

 

Author (s) Details

Luis Ignacio Pérez-Velázquez
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, México.

 

Mónica Natalia Morales-García
Coordination of Research, Hospital General León, Institute of Public Health, Guanajuato State, León, México.

 

Ana Elisa Jiménez-Nieto
Coordination of Research, Hospital General León, Institute of Public Health, Guanajuato State, León, México.

 

Gilberto Flores-Vargas
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, México.

 

Nicolás Padilla-Raygoza
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, México.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v9/2123

Behavioral Activation Therapy in the Treatment of Depression: Effectiveness, Advantages, and Improvements | Chapter 2 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

 

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line psychotherapy for depression, but because of its long course, complicated procedure, and high operation difficulty, CBT is difficult to popularize, and cannot meet the increasing treatment needs. Behavioral Activation Therapy (BAT) is one of the modified forms of CBT, which is mainly used for depression.

Aim: The present study highlights Behavioral Activation Therapy in the Treatment of Depression.

Methods: Sixty-six papers are reviewed, focusing on the connotation, function, advantage, and application of BAT in the treatment of depression, as well as the improvement and development of BAT.

Results: BAT can effectively correct the negative cognition of patients with primary and secondary depression, improve their negative emotions, increase positive behaviors, and reduce negative behaviors, thus alleviating depression. Compared with CBT, BAT has a comparable efficacy, and a higher cost-benefit ratio, and is easier to pair with other therapies.

Conclusion: BAT is effective, low cost, easy to operate, and does not require the high professional quality of the therapist. Therefore, BAT is a psychotherapy for depression with popularization value.

 

Author (s) Details

Hou Yongmei
Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v9/2191

Exploring Nevus Lipomatosis: Case Studies of a Rare Cutaneous Anomaly| Chapter 1 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

 

Nevus lipomatosis cutaneous superficialis is a rare benign skin condition with an excellent prognosis following surgical excision. In this chapter, we present a case series of four instances of this uncommon anomaly to enhance awareness and recognition of the disease.

Author (s) Details

Monica Puri
ILBS Hospital, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India.

 

Neelam Gupta
Department of Pathology, M.M. Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v9/2273