Life and Oscillatory Reaction | Book Publisher International

 

In addition to the well-known chemical vibrational reactions, an enzyme oscillatory reaction using a semipermeable membrane has been discovered. It was found that the slow membrane permeation of the substrate caused the oscillatory reaction of the enzyme. Oscillatory reactions are thought to occur in actual biological membranes, and NADH and ATP were found to oscillate even in mitochondria. It was suggested that oscillatory reactions occur everywhere within the body. On the other hand, calcium oscillation was discovered in the interaction between calcium and phospholipids, and then calcium oscillation was discovered in reactions with various substances.

It was also discovered that oscillatory reaction of other neurotransmitters occurs, suggesting that these oscillations serve as information for information transmission.

Author(s) Details:

Taketoshi Hideshima,
J. F. Oberlin University, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/LOR/article/view/14346

Impact of Formulation Variables on 32 kg/m3 Flexible Polyurethane Foam | Chapter 9 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

Polyurethanes are polymers made up of urethane linkages, which are generated by exothermic reactions between isocyanates containing more than one reactive isocyanate group (-NCO) per molecule and alcohols having two or more reactive hydroxyl (-OH) groups per molecule (diols, triols, and polyols). Polyurethane foams are further classified as rigid, semi-rigid, and flexible foams. The comfort, breathability, flexibility, and robustness of flexible polyurethane foams (FPU) make them especially desirable in the mattress, automotive, and upholstery sectors. This study investigates the effect of various formulation variables on flexible polyurethane foam (FPU) of a density of 32 kg/m3. A detailed observatory analysis is performed to figure out the impacts of toluene di-isocyanate (TDI), water, surfactant, stannous octoate, and amine on unfilled 32-density FPU foam. The concentration of each component was manipulated to study its influence on the conduct and quality of the PU foam. All other factors that affect the final foam's quality, such as chemical temperature, mixing speed, ambient temperature, and humidity, were controlled to minimize their influence and precisely monitor the effects triggered solely by varying chemical concentrations in the FPU foams. For comparative purposes, an ideal foam with the correct amount of chemicals was developed. Comparative findings indicated that amine influences the porous nature of the resultant material, silicone plays a crucial role in delivering strength and stability to the cells and cell struts, stannous octoate provides the foam the strength required to sustain its structural integrity, and TDI has a significant impact on the hardness of the foam. Water additionally functions as a blowing agent which is essential to initiate the foam to rise from liquid components to a compressible solid. Each ingredient has a considerable impact on the chemistry, foaming procedure, and physical characteristics of the finished material. In this study, we discussed some of the more prevalent issues that arise due to insufficient or excessive concentration of chemicals on the development, and quality of the resultant polyurethane foam and offered an understanding of the chemistry and underlying reasons for these problems. This chapter delivers an insightful comprehensive description to the novices in the PU field, researchers and industrial professionals about the correlations between the FPU's structure, physical characteristics, formulation compositions, and chemical mechanisms.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Jaya Maitra,
Department of Applied Chemistry, USoVSAS, Gautam Buddha University, India..

Harshi Jaiswal
Department of Applied Chemistry, USoVSAS, Gautam Buddha University, India.

 

Mahesh N. Gopalasamudram
Chief Operating Officer, Sheela Foam Ltd., India.

Mukesh Sharma
Team Manager Foaming Department, Sheela Foam Ltd., India.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14340

Optimizing Quinoline Derivatives for ABCB1 Inhibition: A Machine Learning Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistance in Cancer | Chapter 10 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

A vast array of human tumors contain multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins linked to the ATP-binding cassette family, which lead to treatment failure. One of the mechanisms of multiple drug resistance is the overexpression of efflux pumps, like ABCB1. In order to predict the inhibitory biological activity towards ABCB1, the goal of this paper is to develop a robust quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model that best describes the correlation between the activity and the molecular structures. Using various linear and non-linear machine learning (ML) regression techniques, such as k-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision trees (DT), back propagation neural networks (BPNN), and gradient boosting-based (GB) methods, a series of quinoline derivatives of eighteen compounds were examined in this regard. Their goal is to identify the source of these compounds' activity in order to create new quinoline derivatives that have a stronger effect on ABCB1. A total of sixteen machine learning (ML) predictive models were created using varying numbers of 2D and 3D descriptors. The statistical metrics root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used to assess the models. With one descriptor, represented by R2 and RMSE of 95% and 0.283, respectively, a GB-based model, specifically catboost, achieved the highest predictive quality among all developed models. The outward-facing p-glycoprotein (6C0V) was the target crystal structure for molecular docking studies, and the results showed strong binding affinities via both hydrophobic and H-bond interactions with the relevant compounds. At -9.22 kcal/mol, the 17 has the highest binding energy. As a result, it is possible that structure 17 will prove to be a useful potential lead structure for the synthesis and design of more effective P-glycoprotein inhibitors that can be combined with anti-cancer medications to manage cancer multidrug resistance.

 

Author(s) Details:

Mouad Lahyaoui,
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, USMBA, P.O. Box 2626, Fez, Morocco.

Riham Sghyar
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, USMBA, P.O. Box 2626, Fez, Morocco.

 

Yousra Seqqat
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, USMBA, P.O. Box 2626, Fez, Morocco.

Fouad Ouazzani Chahdi
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, USMBA, P.O. Box 2626, Fez, Morocco.

Ahmed Mazzah
University of Lille, CNRS, USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturization for Synthesis, Analysis and Proteomics, Lille, France.


Amal Haoudi
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, USMBA, P.O. Box 2626, Fez, Morocco.

Taoufiq Saffaj
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, USMBA, P.O. Box 2626, Fez, Morocco.

Youssef Kandri Rodi
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, USMBA, P.O. Box 2626, Fez, Morocco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14341

Design and Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-Acetaminophen Hybrids from Expired Commercial Acetaminophen Tablets and their In-silico ADME-Tox Properties | Chapter 8 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

A combination of two promising pharmacophore cores like 1,2,3-triazole (TA) and acetaminophen (APAP) in a single molecular entity could be useful in the lead optimization step of drug research. Therefore, designing and preparing new conjugated TA-APAP molecules is an important and actual task. This book chapter describes an impressively efficient catalyzed Huisgen reaction-based method for preparing a series of new 1-substituted 1,2,3-triazole-acetaminophen hybrids. The developed method, which does not require chromatography column separation, is a practical and efficient solution. It consists of the initial efficient O-propargylation reaction of APAP and subsequent CuBr(PPh3)3-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between O-propargylated APAP and diverse organoazides (R-N3) in the presence of tert-BuOH: H2O (1:1) system. APAP was easily obtained from expired commercial tablets using solid-liquid extraction as a starting material. An interesting nitric oxide-releasing 1,2,3-triazole hybrid of APAP was also obtained straightforwardly employing the developed method. These new drug hybrids were obtained with good yields (64–93%). According to the in-silico ADME-Tox assessment studies performed in this work and literature analysis, these hybrids could be interesting models in search of new pharmacological nontoxic agents endowed with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

Author(s) Details:

Daniela Calderón Lamus,
Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Prof. Dr. Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14339

Iodination of Aromatic Acetamides Derivatives Using Iodine and Iodic Acid under Both Conventional Method and Microwave Irradiation Technique| Chapter 4 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

The aromatic iodination reaction is an important electrophilic substitution reaction and the resultant Iodo products are useful intermediate in organic synthesis. Iodoacetamides were synthesized by iodination using iodine and iodic acid as an iodinating reagent in ethanol under conventional methods as well as microwave irradiation. Microwave technique has several advantages over conventional technique in terms of simple reaction procedure, easy work up and yields of product. The study findings revealed that both conventional and microwave-assisted procedures resulted in the corresponding iodinated compounds with excellent yields and high regioselectivity at the para position. The synthesized Iodo compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, Mass, and halogen analysis.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Arvind Patil,
Department of Chemistry, SNJB's K.K.H.A. Arts, S.M.G.L. Commerce & S.P.H.J. Science College, Chandwad. Dist. Nashik. 423101. (M.S.) India.

Sainath Zangade
P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Organic Research Laboratory, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded- 431602 (M.S.), India.

Archana Vibhute
P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Organic Research Laboratory, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded- 431602 (M.S.), India.

Sarla Kalyankar
P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Organic Research Laboratory, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded- 431602 (M.S.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14335

Microplastic Pollution Profile in the Black Sea Region | Chapter 5 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

In recent years, plastic pollutants have been mixed into ecosystems with different size variations as megaplastic, macroplastic, mesoplastic and microplastic due to their use in a wide range of sectors. Based on scientific data, the goal of this study was to provide an overview of the structure of research on the presence and dispersal of microplastics (MP) mixed into the environment in the Black Sea region. A total of 100 peer-reviewed articles related to the topic were considered in the review article. The current state of microplastic pollution in Türkiye Black Sea coast environments which includes marine, lake, stream and freshwater ecosystems, as well as aquatic organisms, and sources and characteristics of microplastic pollution were reviewed narratively. As a result, these emerging microplastics affect the socio-cultural-economic aspects through negative impacts on endemic aquatic species, biodiversity, nature tourism, wetland habitats, aquaculture, food chain, and environment-public health. The Black Sea is at risk for microplastic pollution as a result of the discovery of relatively high concentrations of microplastics in its water and aquatic organisms. This has demonstrated the urgency of looking into the causes, movements, and impacts of microplastics on aquatic life in lakes, streams, and oceans. It is advised that awareness-raising campaigns be launched immediately in collaboration with local governments, pertinent public institutions and organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Regular microplastic monitoring studies should be conducted in Türkiye, not only in the Black Sea Region but in all provinces.

Author(s) Details:

Erkan Kalıpcı,
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun-28200, Türkiye.

Hüseyin Cüce
Department of Environmental Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun-28200, Türkiye.

Fulya Aydın Temel
Department of Environmental Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun-28200, Türkiye.

Mehmet Ali Dereli
Deparment of Geomatics Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun-28200, Türkiye.

Aysun Türkmen
Deparment of Chemistry, Giresun University, Giresun-28200, Türkiye.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14336

Development of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) Field-Effect Transistors via Reconfigurable Ion Gating with BMIM-BF4 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate) | Chapter 3 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

MoTe2 (molybdenum ditelluride) is a two-dimensional material that has gained significant interest in the field of electronics because of its unique electronic properties. 2H MoTe2 (molybdenum ditelluride) has generated significant interest because of its superconducting, nonvolatile memory, and semiconducting of new materials, and it has a large range of electrical properties. The combination of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and two-dimensional (2D) materials like hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in lateral heterostructures offers a unique platform for designing and engineering novel electronic devices. We report the fabrication of highly conductive interfaces in crystalline ionic liquid-gated (ILG) field-effect transistors (FETs) consisting of a few layers of MoTe2/h-BN heterojunctions. An optical microscope was used to characterize the structural morphology and three-dimensional schematics of the transistor, including the thickness of the MoTe2 and h-BN thin films. In our initial exploration of tellurium-based semiconducting TMDs, we directed our attention to MoTe2 crystals with thicknesses exceeding 12 nm. Our primary focus centered on investigating the transport characteristics and quantitatively assessing the surface interface heterostructure. Our transconductance (gm) measurements indicate that the very efficient carrier modulation with an ILG FET is two times larger than standard back gating, and it demonstrates the unipolarity of the device. The ILG FET exhibited highly unipolar p-type behavior with a high on/off ratio, and it significantly increased the mobility in MoTe2/h-BN hetero-channels, achieving improvement as one of the highest recorded mobility increments. Specifically, we observed hole and electron mobility values ranging from 345 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 285 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 80 K. We predict that our ability to observe the intrinsic, heterointerface conduction in the channels was due to a drastic reduction of the Schottky barriers, and electrostatic gating is suggested as a method for controlling the phase transitions in the few layers of TMDC FETs. Moreover, the simultaneous structural phase transitions throughout the sample, achieved through electrostatic doping control, present new opportunities for developing phase change devices using atomically thin membranes.

Author(s) Details:

Kamoladdin Saidov,
Department of Electronics and Radio Engineering, Tashkent University of Information Technologies, Tashkent 100200, Uzbekistan and Department of Information Technologies, Tashkent International University of Education, Tashkent 100207, Uzbekistan.

Gurdial Blugan
Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.

 

Olim Ruzimuradov
Department of Natural and Mathematic Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14334