Determination of Yield and Economics of Three Chili Hybrids (Capsicum annuum L.) in Cuatro Caminos, San Gabriel, Jalisco, Mexico | Chapter 6 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

This study analyze the performance, investment and profitability of three chili hybrids of the Company “González Produce RESE SPR DE RL”, in Cuatro Caminos, San Gabriel, Jalisco, Mexico. The chili pepper is consumed fresh within the country and is also exported to the United States. Different species and varieties of chili peppers are grown,5 from broad, jalapeños, serranos (green), poblano, mirasol (known as dry guajillo), bell or bell pepper, anaheim and caloro. The experimental unit was one hectare per hybrid, with fertigation and mulching. The beds were 1.20 m wide, with double-row planting and 0.30 m of separation between plants. The yield (t ha-1) was calculated with the number of harpillas harvested, multiplied by 30 kg for Caloro and Jalapeño, and 25 kg for Serrano. Economic income, cost / benefit ratio, equilibrium point and invested weight gain were estimated. Chile Serrano registered 1,658 arpillas ha-1, equivalent to 41 t ha-1, surpassed Caloro and Jalapeño by 8.39 and 36.0%, respectively. Caloro’s production cost was $ 32,631.66 USD ha-1 (Exchange rate 1 dollar = 17.0493, 10 February, 2024), 34 and 51% higher than Serrano and Jalapeño. The income obtained from the sale of Serrano pepper was $ 56,838.11 USD, 3.9 and 31% higher than Caloro and Jalapeño. The C / B ratio for Serrano was 1.85; Caloro, 1.74 and Jalapeño, 1.26. The equilibrium point was reached for Caloro at 7.08 t ha-1, Serrano – Platino and Jalapeño –Valquiria with 10.21 and 20.72 t ha-1, respectively. The prices of chili, as with most agricultural products, are a function of the demand and supply in the market and the harvest season, that is, the first harvests have a higher value in the market.

Author(s) Details:

González Mateos Ricardo,
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and Master in Competitiveness and Sustainability of the Center for Innovation in Competitiveness and Sustainability, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Mexico.

González Tiburcio Gregorio,
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and Master in Competitiveness and Sustainability of the Center for Innovation in Competitiveness and Sustainability, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Mexico.

Pereyda Hernández Juan,
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and Master in Competitiveness and Sustainability of the Center for Innovation in Competitiveness and Sustainability, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Mexico.

González Zavaleta Sandra Vianey,
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and Master in Competitiveness and Sustainability of the Center for Innovation in Competitiveness and Sustainability, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13775

Risk Management in Indian Agribusiness: Types and Coping Strategies | Chapter 5 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

This chapter dives deep into the intricate landscape of risk management in agribusiness, recognizing the ever-evolving challenges faced by the agricultural sector. The multifaceted nature of risks, including production, market, regulatory, financial, and human resource risks, underscores the complexity of decision-making for farmers. Drawing on diverse socio-economic backgrounds, farmers' risk perceptions significantly influence the adoption of risk management strategies, with factors like age, education, culture, and institutional support playing pivotal roles. The chapter identifies and explores the types of risks prevalent in Indian agribusiness, elucidating the dynamics of production risks influenced by weather, pests, and technological advancements, market risks arising from price fluctuations, regulatory risks tied to governmental actions, financial risks associated with credit and exchange rates, and human resource risks linked to personnel unavailability. A comprehensive analysis of risk management strategies is presented, encompassing crop insurance, crop diversification, water management, technology adoption, market linkages, credit and financial management, capacity building, and policy support. While farmers employ these strategies to navigate uncertainties, the chapter acknowledges that implementing risk management practices incurs costs and may impact productivity. Ongoing research and dialogue are deemed essential to refine and optimize risk management approaches, ensuring the resilience and sustainability of agribusinesses in the face of evolving challenges.

Author(s) Details:

Ashish Ashok Uikey,
Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13770

Evaluating the Growth Performance and Mortality in Pre-Weaning Burmese Piglets Reared under Field Condition of Aizawl, India | Chapter 4 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

The highest tribal population of Mizoram among the North Eastern states is one of the reasons for the high demand for pork in the state. Large White Yorkshire, Hampshire, Mizo local and their crossbreds could not suffice the demand in the state so rearing of Burmese pigs gained popularity. The studies on the growth performance and mortality of Burmese piglets were conducted under the field conditions in Aizawl district of Mizoram. The data of 35 male and 40 female piglets were studied for a period of 11 months (July 2009 to May 2010). The result revealed that sex had a significant effect (P<0.05) on piglet body weight from birth till 8th week, males had higher body weight at all ages than females however the fortnightly body weight gain was higher in females than males; 155.85 gm and 168.60±0.01 gm in male and female respectively. For both male and females, fortnightly body weight gain increased from FN1 to FN2, however, it declined from FN3 to FN4. Pre-weaning mortality percentage was found to be 21.33% and Classical Swine Fever was the main cause of mortality.

Author(s) Details:

C. Lalremruata,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Serchhip District, North Vanlaiphai, Mizoram-796184, India.

Joy Lalmuanpuia,
Department of Veterinary Public Health, C.V.Sc, CAU, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796014, India.

T. Vanlalngurzauva,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Serchhip District, North Vanlaiphai, Mizoram-796184, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13769

Evaluation of Diverse Sorghum Genotypes under Varying Doses of Nitrogen Fertilizers in Semi-Arid Regions of Pakistan | Chapter 3 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Pakistan ranks among the nation’s most vulnerable to the ongoing and anticipated impacts of climate change. Cropping in Pakistan is bearing various climate challenges like temperature extremes, drought, flood, heavy rains, hails, wind storms increase in Co2, greenhouse gases and CFCs. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a predominant crop in arid regions. A field experiment involving six sorghum cultivars and three distinct nitrogen levels was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan during the Kharif season of 2017. The cultivars, nitrogen levels, and their interactions had a significant influence on plant height (cm), leaf area (cm²), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), panicle elongation (cm), number of grains per panicle, grain weight (g), biomass production (kg ha-1), and economic yield (kg ha-1). The sorghum genotype JS-263, with an NPK dose of 120:75:60 kg ha-1, exhibited the highest grain yield and yield-related parameters. This high-yielding sorghum cultivar and optimal nitrogen level could be utilized for enhanced yield and productivity.

Author(s) Details:

Iqtidar Hussain,
Department of Agronomy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.

Zuhair Hasnain,
Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture, University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Hafiz Basheer Ahmad,
Sugarcane Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13768

Fish Catch Composition and Its’ Bearing on the Income of Fishers: A Case Study of Chandakhal Wetland, Dhubri, Assam, India | Chapter 2 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Fishing is a traditional economic activity with tremendous socio-economic impact in the rural sector of India. In the state of Assam (India), the fishers are distinctive communities who are associated with the fish and fisheries of the region for their livelihood from time immemorial. The present study aims to know the fish catch composition of Chandakhal wetland of Dhubri district in the state of Assam, India and its’ bearing on the income of the fishers dependent on the wetland. The study is based on the data of fish catch composition (in Kilogram) and the fishers’ income (in Indian National Rupee) followed by its suitable statistical analysis using SPSS (Version 16.0). The findings bring about the result that 93.6% of the Fishers’ income’ is explained only by Catch of intermediate fish. At the same time the finding also shows that there is variation of 96.8% in the Fisher’s income being influenced by the variations in the catch of Intermediate and Minor fishes together. While there is 98.6% variation in the Fisher’s income being expressed by the variations in the Catch of Intermediate, Minor and Major fishes jointly. It is inferred from the present study that the income of Fisher of the study area is highly dependent on the catch of intermediate fish group followed by the minor fish group and major fish group.

Author(s) Details:

Sheikh S.,
Department of Zoology, B.N. College, Dhubri, Assam, India.

Goswami M. M.,
Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13767

Influence of Biological Indicators on the Process of Increasing Biological Activity to Improve the Quality of Paddy Fields in Jatipurno District, Wonogiri | Chapter 1 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

This study provides appropriate solutions regarding good soil quality, especially the influence of biological indicators on the process of increasing biological activity to improve the quality of paddy fields and increase rice production. Soil quality provides physical, chemical, and biological requirements for soul productivity, food quality and health, environmental safety of the animal and human plants. Increased rice needs in an extensive use of paddy fields in the Jatipurno, Wonogiri. Managing rice fields can reduce soil quality. Proper management can improve soil quality, Jatipurno has management such as organic, semi-organic and inorganic paddy field management which have a real effect on soil quality. Physical, chemical, and biological indicators are used to assess the quality of soil; the effects of each aspect vary. While each measure has the potential to be the primary indicator, chemical indicators are frequently utilized as the primary indicators for assessing soil quality. So, biological indicators can play indicators. The main indicators are obtained from the correlation test (p-values ≤ 0,05 - < 0,01) and Principal Component Analysis with high value, eigenvalues > 1 have the potential to be used as Minimum Data Sets. The result is biological can be able to use as the Minimum Data Set such as microbial carbon biomass, respiration, and total bacterial colonies. The Soil Quality Index (SQI) of various paddy management practices shows very low to low soil quality values. The management of organic rice systems shows better Soil Quality Index with a score of 0,20 compared to other management. The practice of organic rice management shows that it can improve soil quality. The quality of paddy soil in Mangunharjo Village managed organically has better soil quality compared to semi-organic and inorganic management with soil quality index values respectively 0.20, 0.17 and 0.15.

Author(s) Details:

Supriyadi,
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.

Widyatmani Sih Dewi,
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.

Widya Aryani,
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13766

Genetic Research in Type 2 Diabetes: Moving Beyond GWAS | Chapter 13 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

The present study highlights the results of recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which have significantly underestimated the disease heritability and present a challenge for ongoing and future investigation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the fifth greatest cause of death worldwide and one of the most difficult issues of the twenty-first century. There is a lot of data to support the complex nature of T2D and its substantial hereditary component. Nearly 400 susceptibility loci linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related metabolic characteristics have been effectively found and replicated by recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), primarily in European populations but also in some African and South Asian populations. The GWAS serve as a starting point for future genetic and functional studies since the mechanisms of action by which these associated loci influence disease is still unclear, and it is difficult to predict the potential implications of these findings in clinical settings. It is imperative to develop a deeper understanding of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, cultural, and social factors that may interact to cause progression to T2D and are responsible for the declining health of the fastest developing nations of the third world. Despite extensive replication, no study has unequivocally demonstrated their clinical role in disease management beyond progression to T2D from impaired glucose tolerance. However, these studies are revealing new molecular pathways underlying diabetes etiology, gene-environment interactions, epigenetic modifications, and gene function. This review highlights evolving progress made in the rapidly moving field of T2D genetics that is starting to unravel the pathophysiology of a complex phenotype and has the potential to show clinical relevance in the near future.

Author(s) Details:

Dharambir K. Sanghera,
Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.

Piers R. Blackett,
Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V4/article/view/13836