From Linkage to Neuronal Networks: An Updated Overview of Molecular Genetic Approaches in Schizophrenia Research| Chapter 4 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 6

 

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly complex biological disorder characterised by a multifactorial mode of transmission, where both genetic and non-genetic determinants play significant roles. Current evidence suggests that SCZ arises from the cumulative impact of numerous genes, each contributing a modest increase in susceptibility to the illness. This review provides an updated perspective on the genetics and genomics of SCZ, tracing the field from the pre-recombinant era through the genomics revolution. It encompasses key approaches such as cytogenetics, linkage studies, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genomic analyses that have illuminated gene signatures include microarray profiling, RNA methylation studies, and single-cell analyses. In addition, diverse animal and cellular models are discussed, highlighting their applications in unravelling SCZ pathology. Systems biology and neuronal network analyses have offered critical insights into the intricate phenotypes associated with the disorder. Emerging technologies, including 3D chromatin architecture studies and optogenetics, are further advancing the field by enabling deeper exploration of neuronal function and regulation. The review, through its efforts, is proposed to highlight major findings in SCZ genetics. The scientific advances are essential in the individual genomes to detect and diagnose SCZ with newer perspectives and advances and tailor therapeutic interventions.

 

Author(s) Details

Ranjini P
Department of Biotechnology, Sir MV Government Science college Bhadravathi, Karnataka, India.

 

Shreya K R
Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, India.

 

Priya MD
Department of Zoology, Government Science College, Nrupathunga University, Nrupathunga Road, Bangalore, 560001, India.

 

Kamatchi C
Department of Biotechnology, The Oxford College of Sciences, Bangalore, India.

 

Tenkanidiyooru Ramamoorthy Prashith Kekuda
Department of Microbiology, S.R.N.M College of Applied Science. N.E.S Campus, Balraj Urs Road, Shimoga-577201, India.

 

Kiran Kumar H.B
Former-PDF NCBS, Resource person Nrupathunga University, Bangalore, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v6/6764

Breeding for Enhanced Root Traits to Improve Soil Carbon Sequestration | Chapter 10 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 5

 

One of the most serious issues that the world is facing today is global warming. The increase of CO2 is one of the major causes of global warming. Efforts have been made to reduce the emission of carbon and also to discover ways to sequester atmospheric CO2. Soil carbon sequestration is one of the vital mechanisms that can reduce the effect of rising temperatures of the earth by absorbing atmospheric carbon. The root architecture of crop plants, when modified through breeding techniques for carbon sequestration, plays a role in reducing global warming. This chapter focuses on the various root characteristics that can contribute to soil carbon storage for a longer period of time. For instance, perenniality of crops influences a longer and more stable root system, which can serve for long-term carbon storage. The conventional breeding techniques have some disadvantages when it comes to breeding for root traits for carbon sequestration. Here, various new breeding approaches such as phenotyping, molecular breeding, genomic prediction, QTL, GWAS, metagenomics, etc. have been discussed in brief that can be used for breeding of crop varieties with enhanced root traits for soil carbon storage. Also, the various constraints related to it and the future prospects are discussed here.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sanjukta Saikia
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, India.

 

Gobin Ch. Bora
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, India.

 

Debananda Rajbongshi
Department of Soil Science, Assam Agricultural University, India.

 

Shreya Sarmah
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, India.

 

Anwesha Bhattacharyya
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v5/6561

 

Genetic Research in Type 2 Diabetes: Moving Beyond GWAS | Chapter 13 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

The present study highlights the results of recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which have significantly underestimated the disease heritability and present a challenge for ongoing and future investigation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the fifth greatest cause of death worldwide and one of the most difficult issues of the twenty-first century. There is a lot of data to support the complex nature of T2D and its substantial hereditary component. Nearly 400 susceptibility loci linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related metabolic characteristics have been effectively found and replicated by recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), primarily in European populations but also in some African and South Asian populations. The GWAS serve as a starting point for future genetic and functional studies since the mechanisms of action by which these associated loci influence disease is still unclear, and it is difficult to predict the potential implications of these findings in clinical settings. It is imperative to develop a deeper understanding of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, cultural, and social factors that may interact to cause progression to T2D and are responsible for the declining health of the fastest developing nations of the third world. Despite extensive replication, no study has unequivocally demonstrated their clinical role in disease management beyond progression to T2D from impaired glucose tolerance. However, these studies are revealing new molecular pathways underlying diabetes etiology, gene-environment interactions, epigenetic modifications, and gene function. This review highlights evolving progress made in the rapidly moving field of T2D genetics that is starting to unravel the pathophysiology of a complex phenotype and has the potential to show clinical relevance in the near future.

Author(s) Details:

Dharambir K. Sanghera,
Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.

Piers R. Blackett,
Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V4/article/view/13836

Molecular Interrelationship in Parkinson's Disease from a Genetic Perspective | Book Publisher International

 This review aims to present an overview of the existent evidence of multiple microscopic pathways involving cytoplasmic organelles’ function, neurodevelopmental mechanisms, synaptic vesicles endocytosis, and buying and selling, preserving the honor of the cytoskeleton and axonal transport involved in Parkinson's disease plant structure. The new genetic finishes allow analyzing the fine molecular mechanisms that based the gene verbalization regulation. These evolutions demand new concepts for expressing pathophysiological processes. Assessment of the network has already presented a perfect image of the kind and extent of the historical interactions that considerably sustain organic systems. Potentially, microscopic relations between the actors implicated in the study of animal of PD provide evidence of difficulty in vesicle movement and lipid transport (?-synuclein, UCHL1), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (parkin and UCHL1), oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and study of plants provided by parkin, PINK 1, DJ-1, individually kinase activity regulation by LRRK2 and cytoskeleton strength by tau.We place these findings in the framework of the existing information and the advances in sequencing technologies that correct the diagnostics of Parkinson's disease efficiency. Despite significant recent advances in study of animal, much more needs to be approved to understand the hereditary, epigenetic, and environmental determinants that influence the Parkinsonian phenotype. Understanding the molecular systems following the identification of genes mutations and low-penetrance susceptibleness alleles in Parkinson's disease patients shows an essential step for the development of enough biomarkers and potent analyses.

Author(s) Details:

Cyprian Popescu,
Victor Pauchet Clinic, Amiens, France.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/MIPDGP/issue/view/998