Scintimetric Characterization of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction by Phase Image Analysis in Gated Thallium SPECT Scan | Chapter 6 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The aim of this study is to use gated thallium SPECT scans to identify and quantify the existence of diastolic dysfunction using the Scintimetric characterization theory. In the treatment of heart failure patients, the evaluation and differentiation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction is crucial. E and A wave variations in m-mode echocardiographic changes at the mitral orifice are currently used to infer diastolic dysfunction. Peak Flow Rate and Time to Peak Flow Rate are calculated and evaluated for the occurrence and degree of diastolic dysfunction in gated myocardial perfusion imaging from the time volume curve. The underlying diastolic dysfunction causes all of these parameters to change, resulting in changes in the left ventricular muscle mass. For the first time, using visual Phase image analysis in Gated Thallium SPECT Scan, this study aims to illustrate the diagnosis of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction is thought to be indicated by inhomogeneous, abnormal, and inadequate tracer accumulation in diastolic phase images compared to normal and homogeneous tracer distribution in systolic phase images. It also thrives on quantifying the changes seen by dividing the Systolic Counts by the diastolic counts obtained from the raw phase images to get the S/D ratio. It's linked to the stages of Diastolic Dysfunction on echocardiography.

Materials and Methods: The participants in this sample are 75 men between the ages of 28 and 63, with a mean age of 47.9 +/- 7.8 years and 25 women between the ages of 32 and 55, with a mean age of 49 +/- 6.8 years. 2 mCi of Thallum-201 was administered intravenously after the patients were exercised on a bicycle ergometer using the Bruce Protocol. Siemens Dual Head E-Cam Gamma Camera was used to gain gated SPECT MPI. The GATED SPECT PERFUSION ANALYSIS Protocol was used for the analysis. The S/D ratio was determined using the ICON software's area ratio count protocol.

The discrepancy between the diastolic and systolic images was observed in 98/100 (98 percent) of the cases- Image1,2. In 87/100 cases, echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction was detected, which was graded as Grade II or Grade III using E/A ratio analysis (87 percent ). Diabetes was found in 16/100 (16%) cases, and hypertension was found in 63/100 cases (63 percent ). In Grade IILVDD, the S/D ratio was 1.27 +/- 0.32, and in Grade III LVDD, it was 1.68 +/- 0.03.

Finally, for the first time, the value of direct visual individual step image analysis in detecting Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction is illustrated. The Scintimetric Characterization of the same has been shown to be different between stage II and stage III LVDD using the S/D ratio.

Author (s) Details

V. Sivasubramaniyan
Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore, Madhyapradesh, India and Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidhyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Anantapur Dist. A.P 515134, India.

K. Venkataramaniah
Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidhyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Anantapur Dist. A.P 515134, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V5/article/view/693

Paediatric Vascular Anomalies | Chapter 5 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Vascular abnormalities is a broad and difficult subject. It is divided into two categories: 1) vascular tumours and 2) vascular malformations. Ultrasound, including Doppler studies, and cross-sectional imaging, such as CT scans or magnetic resonance imaging, are essential in the diagnosis of vascular abnormalities. Tissue biopsy is only needed in a small percentage of these lesions. Awareness of vascular abnormalities classification is important so that everyone speaks in a consistent, easy-to-understand language, and imaging characteristics of these lesions are important so that the patient receives adequate care.

Author (s) Details

Hamzaini Abdul Hamid
Radiology Department, Hospital Canbselor Tunku Mukhriz, UKM, Cheras, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Riza Sulaiman
Radiology Department, Hospital Canbselor Tunku Mukhriz, UKM, Cheras, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Fathinul Fikri Ahmad Saad
Nuclear Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, JALAN UNIVERSITI 1, Serdang, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V5/article/view/692

Approaches in the Development of the Potentially Pandemic LAIV Candidates | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Influenza causes a major burden of acute respiratory disease each year. In addition, influenza pandemics occur on a regular basis. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing seasonal and pandemic influenza. Currently, there are three types of influenza vaccines on the market: killed (inactivated), live attenuated (LAIV), and recombinant influenza vaccines. LAIV has sparked renewed interest in recent years, owing to WHO's recognition of its benefits in the event of a pandemic. Classic reassortment of wild type influenza virus with cold–adapted master donor virus (MDV) in embryonated chicken eggs (Ultravac, Russia) and reverse–genetics technique (FluMist, USA) are two alternative approaches to generate LAIV candidates currently available. Avian influenza viruses continue to pose a serious pandemic risk. A variety of killed and live pandemic vaccines have been produced around the world in response to this threat. The aim of this chapter is to compile information from the growth, preclinical, and clinical testing of potentially pandemic LAIVs based on the cold–adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 master donor virus backbone obtained through a routine reassortment procedure. The LAIV candidates mentioned in this chapter are reassortants of wild–type (WT) viruses with MDV genomic compositions of 6:2 and 7:1. (6 MDV genes: 2 WT genes or 7 MDV genes : 1 WT gene, respectively). Despite variations in the genome formula, LAIV candidates of the H5, H7, and H2 subtypes developed temperature sensitivity, cold–adaptation, and attenuation in various animal models. They were found to be safe and immunogenic in healthy adult volunteers in clinical trials. According to the data, 7:1 reassortants carrying the only HA gene of a potentially pandemic virus as well as the remaining seven MDV genes could be potential candidates for the pandemic LAIV.

Author (s) Details

Irina Kiseleva
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia and Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia and Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St Petersburg, Russia.

Natalie Larionova
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V5/article/view/691

Tissue Oxygen Homeostasis and LifenLight Score (LLS) of Patients in Critical Care Medicine | Chapter 3 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The oxygen balance of patients admitted to the emergency room or intensive care units (ICUs) must be monitored in real time. The number of monitoring devices that provide real-time data on tissue oxygen homeostasis is currently very small. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in a variety of pathological conditions, including stroke, sepsis, and heart failure, necessitates real-time monitoring of this intracellular organelle. To prevent the most important organs in the body (brain and heart) from deteriorating, we propose monitoring a less vital organ, such as the urethral wall, which acts as an early warning signal for the loss of body oxygen balance. The use of a multiparametric monitoring system (CritiView) connected to the patient's urethral wall through a 3-way Foley catheter to measure four parameters representing tissue oxygen balance in real time is described in this study. Surface fluorometry/reflectometry is used to calculate mitochondrial NADH. Also assessed are tissue microcirculatory blood flow, tissue reflectance, and haemoglobin oxygenation. The four calculated parameters could be combined with systemic hemodynamic parameters to generate a new Tissue Metabolic Score in real time (TMS). Small animal models (rats and gerbils) were used to monitor the device in vitro and in vivo when they were subjected to changes in local or systemic oxygen balance. Patients undergoing vascular or open heart surgery were also subjected to preliminary clinical trials. The monitoring of patients began immediately after a 3-way Foley catheter (urine collection) was inserted and ended when the patient was released from the operating room. The findings indicate that tracking the urethral wall oxygen balance offers real-time data that is linked to the status of the surgical procedure. We discovered that the TMS of the urethral wall could serve as an early warning signal for potential damage to the body's most vital organs.

Author (s) Details

Avraham Mayevsky
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.

Michael Tolmasov
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.

Hofit Kutai-Asis
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.

Mira Mandelbaum-Livnat
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V5/article/view/690

Perspectives of Therapeutic Apheresis in Acute Kidney Injury | Chapter 2 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Acute kidney failure is a significant side effect of a variety of inflammatory diseases of the abdominal and thoracic cavities, extreme injuries and burns, eclampsia and sepsis, and a variety of infectious diseases. Considering the wide range of etiologies, there is a common pathogenesis function that is dependent on endoxemia and the accumulation of a number of toxic products that cause perivascular edoema, decreased renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, tubular necrosis, and oligoanuria, as well as disruptions in the vessels endothelium permeability. The most popular treatment strategy is to use kidney replacement therapy, which consists primarily of various hemofiltration methods. However, not all hazardous substances are eliminated, and the mortality rate remains high. When hemosorption and plasmapheresis are used in a complex of therapeutic steps, the outcomes are more beneficial and stable, with a substantial reduction in mortality.

Author (s) Details

V. A. Voinov
I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

M. G. Kovalev
I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

K. S. Karchevsky
I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

O. V. Isaulov
I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

Y. V. Voinova
I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V5/article/view/689

The Mental Representation of the Smile Before and After Orthodontic Treatment | Chapter 1 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Background: Understanding the significance, meaning, and self-image that a smile reflects in a person's everyday life is still a hot topic in science.

The aim of this qualitative and exploratory research is to learn more about the impact of self-perception of the mouth and smile on mental representations of self-image and personal well-being.

Materials and Procedures: The convenience sample included 151 boys and girls between the ages of 8 and 24, who used an orthodontic appliance and were asked to draw two portraits of their mouth/smile.

The findings point to variations in the mental depiction of the mouth and smile, specifically in the investment of the drawings before and after orthodontic treatment, as well as in the expressiveness and manifestation of emotions.

Discussion and Conclusions: The findings indicate that the key reason people seek orthodontic care is for cosmetic and functional reasons, with the maximisation of the mental image of the Orthodontic Smile emerging as a new category of the ideal smile.

Author (s) Details

Maria do Rosário Dias
Unidade de Investigação-Centro de Investigação Multidisciplinar em Psicologia da Saúde Egas Moniz (EMCIMPS/ CiiEM), Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.

Ana Ferreira
Unidade de Investigação-Centro de Investigação Multidisciplinar em Psicologia da Saúde Egas Moniz (EMCIMPS/ CiiEM), Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.

Valter Pedroso Alves
Unidade de Investigação-Centro de Investigação Multidisciplinar em Psicologia da Saúde Egas Moniz (EMCIMPS/ CiiEM), Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.

Ana Delgado
Unidade de Investigação-Centro de Investigação Multidisciplinar em Psicologia da Saúde Egas Moniz (EMCIMPS/ CiiEM), Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V5/article/view/688

Conservation Laws in Modern Physics with Technical Applications | Book Publisher International

 Our book's main goal is to demonstrate the profound unity of different branches of physics at the level of conservation laws and the medium state equation. Classical mechanics, gas and fluid dynamics, relativistic theory, thermodynamics, statistical and quantum physics are all explored in this path. The book is divided into ten parts, each of which examines theoretical issues, presents experimental data, and illustrates some technological applications.

Author(s) Detalis

M. Ja. Ivanov
Turbine Department, Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Aviamotornaya Str., Moscow 111116, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CLMPTA/issue/view/71