Reconstruction of Historical Atmospheric-Hydrologic Data by a Hydro-climate Model for a Sparsely Gauged Watershed | Chapter 12 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 11

 The generation of streamflow data using hydrologic models can be difficult due to a lack of observations within watersheds. The authors suggest “WEHY-HCM (Watershed Environmental Hydrology Hydro-Climate Model)” as a tool for reproducing historical atmospheric-hydrologic data at the desired fine time-space scales for a sparsely gauged watershed using a hydro-climate model. A regional climate model, such as MM5 (fifth generation mesoscale model) or WRF (weather research and forecasting model), can be coupled with a process-based hydrologic module using the WEHY-HCM (WEHY). The WEHY-HCM is set up over a sparsely gauged watershed to investigate the reliability of WEH-HCM, and the spatially downscaled reconstructed atmospheric data to a 3-km horizontal grid resolution with an hourly time increment is obtained from NCAR/NCEP global reanalysis data (reanalysis I). WEHY-HCM hydrologic simulations based on reconstructed atmospheric data and approximate WEHY model parameters were applied to the Upper Putah Creek watershed. Statistical analyses were used to analyse the WEHY-HCM simulation results for both the calibration and validation cycles. Statistical testing using observed and simulated values revealed that the model's accuracy was sufficient during both the calibration and validation times. The WEHY-HCM can describe a sparsely gauged watershed with specific topography well, according to the spatial maps of evapotranspiration rate and runoff volume. The WEHY-HCM was found to be a useful method for simulating hydrologic processes in a sparsely gauged watershed in this research.

Author (s) Details

Suhyung Jang
Water Resources Research Center, K-Water Institute, Daejeon 34045, Korea.

Shuichi Kure
Department of Environmental Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939–0398, Japan.

Noriaki Ohara
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.

M. Levent Kavvas
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Z. Q. Chen
California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA.

Kara J. Carr
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Michael L. Anderson
California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95821, USA.

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Smart Device Identification of Potsherds and Gemstones with Radiofrequency-Induced Harmonics Vibrations | Chapter 11 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 11

 In materials like potsherds and precious or semiprecious gemstones, radiofrequencies can cause specific vibrational signatures. We previously described a method for identifying pottery shards using ultrasound stimulation and vibrational characteristics. The experimental technique for extracting such signatures from ceramic shards and precious gems using radiofrequency stimulation is now detailed. The technique offers a possible method of on-site substance recognition by extracting vibrational signatures quickly and cheaply and comparing them to a database library.

Author (s) Details

Baxton R. Chen
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

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Artificial Intelligent Based E- Health Monitoring Using Low Power Device in Wide Area Network | Chapter 10 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 11

 In recent decades, the health surveillance system has expanded with new technologies and funds in developing countries in accordance with international standards. Due to inadequate data protection and large medical records, e-health tracking is lagging. Devices that need a lot of power to act as a network become expensive. The limitations of data security, inadequate bandwidth, and high-power devices have led to the creation of a hybrid wide-area network that uses low-power devices. The current study employs an E-Health monitoring system with low-power devices in a hybrid large-area network. The channel optimization algorithm regulates the data rate and bandwidth of the channel. The optimization method allows medical records contained in a computer system to be transmitted. Medical records are distributed using Artificial Intelligence in response to requests from patients and doctors (AI). Protection for the e-health monitoring system is provided by the security system and its data base. Fast speed, optimised data rate for medical data, and low power devices are all advantages of the proposed system. The performance of the system was compared to that of an existing 3G e-health monitoring system.

Author (s) Details

M. Monisha
Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600117, India.

P. Vijayalakshmi
Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600117, India.

V. Rajendran
Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600117, India.

D. Ravikumar
Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600117, India.

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Brief Review on Apoptosis in Microbial Infection | Chapter 9 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 11

 Apoptosis is a critical step in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Since apoptosis is such an important part of the immune response to a variety of infections, it may be used as a therapeutic target. As a result, harnessing our growing awareness of apoptotic mechanisms and their regulation in the quest for therapeutic modalities is likely to be clinically relevant in the future. This short overview aims to summarise what we currently know about the function of apoptosis in microbial infection responses (including bacterial and viral).

Author (s) Details

Abdulaziz Alanazi
King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Mishal E. Alanazi
Ministry of Health Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Arwa F. Alanazi
Dept of Dentistry, Riyadh Elam University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Amani F. Alanazi
Dept of Respiratory Therapy, Almaarfa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Badi Alanazi
Ministry of Health Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Fahad Alanazi
Ministry of Health Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Abdulmajeed Alanazi
Ministry of Health Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Abdulrahman Q. Alanazi
Ministry of Health Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Faris Q. Alenzi
College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), AlKharj, Saudi Arabia.

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Investigating the Relationship between the Theoretical Layer Thickness of the Graphite Content of Lubricant and the Kudo’s Friction Number in the Case of Forged Parts | Chapter 8 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 11

 It is critical to specify the friction coefficient that characterises the lubrication conditions when performing numerical analysis on forged components. The relationship between the Kudo's friction number and the theoretical layer thickness of the graphite film covering the sink cavity is shown in our paper using a combined method of a known SU (Simple Upsetting) deformation and EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy). The experiments were carried out using non-synthetically generated lubricant concentrates that had been diluted to various degrees. The importance of this relationship is demonstrated by the discovery of a correlation between layer thickness and average particle size distribution, allowing for a reduction in the thickness of the graphite layer sprayed onto the cavity surface.

Author (s) Details

Brij Bhushan Tewari
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, P.O.Box: 101110, Georgetown, Guyana.

Davendradat Doodnauth
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, P.O.Box: 101110, Georgetown, Guyana.

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Experimental Approach to Chemical Evolution | Chapter 7 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 11

 The formation of essential biomonomers from simpler molecules present in the prebiotic world, and their subsequent condensation to biopolymers, was the beginning of life processes. The effects of nucleic acid bases (thymine and uracil) at two separate concentrations (1 x 10-4 M and 1 x 10-5 M) on pH base adsorption on copper, cobalt, and silver ferrocyanides were studied over a pH range (10 – 10.0) at a temperature of 301°C on copper, cobalt, and silver ferrocyanides. The rate of adsorption was monitored spectrophotometrically by calculating the UV absorbance of nucleic acid base solutions at their respective maximum values. Both thymine and uracil had their highest adsorptions at neutral pH. At a neutral pH of 7.0 0.1 and a temperature of 301°C, the effects of concentrations on thymine and uracil adsorption on copper, cobalt, and silver ferrocyanides were investigated in the concentration range 1 x 10-4 M - 1 x 10-5 M. In the concentration range of 10-4 to 10-5 M of thymine and uracil solution, the interaction followed the Langmuir form of adsorption in general. For the adsorption of thymine on metal ferrocyanides, the order was CuFc > AgFc > CoFc, and for the adsorption of uracil, it was CuFc > CoFc > AgFc. The effects of salts on thymine and uracil adsorption on metal ferrocyanides have also been investigated. The interaction of insoluble metal ferrocyanides with biomolecules may have formed metal complexes or aided the formation of biopolymers in a changing setting. Adsorption of dl – aspartic acid, dl – leucine, dl – lysine, and dl – serine on halosite, hectorite, illite, kaolinite, nantronite, and montmorillonite clay minerals, as well as adsorption of glycine and ß- alanine on nickel, cobalt, and cadmium ferrocyanides.

Author (s) Details

Brij Bhushan Tewari
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, P.O.Box: 101110, Georgetown, Guyana.

Davendradat Doodnauth
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, P.O.Box: 101110, Georgetown, Guyana.

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Study on Pd(PPh3)4 Catalyzed Synthesis of Indazole Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Drug | Chapter 6 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 11

 By coupling with several arylboronic acids and methylation using two different methods, a sequence of 3-aryl indazoles and 1-methyl-3-aryl indazole derivatives are prepared with exceptional yields. The anticancer activity of the indazole derivatives (3a-3j) and their N-methyl derivatives (5a-5j) is tested in vitro against two cancer cell lines, HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231. According to the findings, the indazole derivatives examined have mild to moderate anticancer activity against the cell lines studied. We believe that slight structural modifications to these active derivatives may result in more promising anticancer drugs, and that more experimental research, particularly in the area of anticancer research, is needed.

Author (s) Details

Jagan Mohana Rao Saketi
Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510, A.P., India.

S. N. Murthy Boddapati
Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510, A.P., India.

M. Raghuram
Department of Botany & Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510, A.P., India.

Syed Farooq Adil
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Mohammed Rafi Shaik
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Osamah Alduhaish
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

M. Rafiq H. Siddiqui
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Hari Babu Bollikolla
Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510, A.P., India.

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