Outdoor Radon Measurements during 2018 in São José dos Campos, Brazil: Scientific Approach | Chapter 8 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

During 2018 the intensity and its variation in time were monitored, every hour the presence of radon gas in two distinct points near each other in São José dos Campos, Brazil. One point was situated 25 meters high (ACA tower) and the other 3 meters high (ITA laboratory). Two identical RadonEye RD200 (ionization chamber) detectors were used calibrated in picoCurie/liter (pCi/l) or Bequerel/cubic meters (Bq / m3). These measurements indicate that there is always a (day/night) variation in the intensity of the local radon gas presence. With dry and hot periods, there is increasing in radon gas intensity. Intense rains during short period of time, there is also increasing in presence of the radon gas in that site. Fine and continuous rains provoke decrease in the presence of radon gas measured in the place. Comparisons between radon gas intensities per hour with gamma and neutron changes between (0-10) MeV of energy at the same time interval were observed.

Author (s) Details

Inacio M. Martin
Technological Aeronautics Institute, ITA, São José dos Campos, Brazil.

Douglas C. Vilela
Technological Aeronautics Institute, ITA, São José dos Campos, Brazil.

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BKL Method in the Bianchi IX Universe Model Revisited: Advanced Study | Chapter 7 |Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

Given the extreme difficulty in finding analytical solutions to Einstein’s equations for universe models, such as the Bianchi type IX, different physical-mathematical techniques have been designed to attempt to find, at least approximate solutions that could have relevance in modern cosmology. Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz (BKL) have developed a method to study a particular time evolution dynamic of the Bianchi type IX universe model. Herein, it is shown that this method contains pitfalls. These pitfalls, among other things, prevent the conclusion that this model provides chaotic behaviour. We show that the initial presumption made by BKL turns out to be inconsistent with the assumed initial conditions, since it cannot be kept along with the time-extended BKL process. That is, the Kasner stipulations corresponding to    , taken as initial conditions, are at odds with the initial assumption imposed on Einstein’s field equations.

Author (s)  Details

Leandro Meléndez Lugo
Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Centro Nuclear de México, 52750 Mexico D.F.

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UHF Metamaterial Absorber with Small-size Unit Cell by Combining Fractal and Coupling Lines: Recent Study | Chapter 13 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

We present an UHF prefect metamaterial absorber by combining coupling lines and fractal lines with very small unit cell. The proposed absorber consists of surface metal structure and metallic background plane, separated by a dielectric substrate and air. Simulation results show that the absorber has absorption peak at 442MHz with 99.73% absorptivity. The ratio between lattice constant and resonance wavelength is 1/68, significantly less than the existing absorber. According to the absorption mechanism of proposed absorber the design principle is introducing in detail. Moreover, the absorption peaks remain high with large angles of incidence for both TE and TM polarizations. Due to the small ratio, it can be widely used in radiation suppression for microwave relay communication such as mobile communication and wireless network by changing the parameters of structure.

Author(s) Details

Shicheng Fan
Department of Electronics Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.

Yaoliang Song
Department of Electronics Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.

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About Possible Role of Negative Pressure Waves in Geophysical Processes: Brief Overview | Chapter 12 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

There are different model views on the mechanism of extreme geologic processes. Nevertheless, many principal questions remain unanswered because the models don’t characterize sufficiently the peculiarities of these processes. Here is proposed new approach to mechanism of evolution and appearance of extreme geologic processes on the basis of Negative Pressure phenomenon.

Author(s) Details

Prof. Fuad H. Veliev 
Baku Higher Oil School, Baku, Azerbaijan.

Prof. Ibrahim S. Guliyev
Geology Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan.

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Quantum Electromagnetic Field in Maxwell Electronionic Plasma | Chapter 4 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

It is shown that taking into account the presence of thermal longitudinally polarized Langmuir quanta dramatically changes the results of standard classical electrodynamics of low-temperature plasma.

Author (s) Details

B. A. Veklenko
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT RAS), Moscow, Russia

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Taguchi Method to Analyze the Impacts of Commonalities in Multistage Production under Bottleneck and Uncertainty: An Overview | Chapter 3 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

This chapter aims to measure the individual and combined impacts of common components and machines in manufacturing, under bottleneck and uncertain conditions. Simulation models have developed for multiple products, multi-period and multistage dependent demand system based on a live case from a Malaysian company. Machine breakdown and quality variation have incorporated in the models to create uncertainty. The delivery performances like (i) throughput of the finished products, (ii) average production time and (iii) work-in-progress (WIP) in the system for different experimental scenarios have examined. Taguchi approaches for orthogonal array were employed in designing experiments and these were executed in WITNESS, a simulation modeling software. The models corroborated historical data from the company by face validity. It was determined that batch size of 12 in bottleneck, 2 common components and 4 common machines ensure the best outcomes of the system under the storm of uncertainties. The focus of this chapter is determination of the best batch size in bottleneck point under uncertainties, commonalities (components and machines) and capacity constraint. 

Author (s) Details

M. A. Wazed
Ascent Pharmaceuticals Inc, Central Islip, NY 11722, USA.

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Deformability of Contact Layers: Scientific Study | Chapter 2 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

Machine and structural components have volume and surfaces. The last does not have an ideal shape, and they are rough. When two components have mechanical contact (like one foot of a desk and the floor), this contact has a common contact surface. It is well known that real contact surface is much smaller than the nominal cross-section of the smaller component. Furthermore, the volume that is near the contact surface is not dense. It contains asperities and empty space between them. In this chapter is analysed the question “What happens with this contact volume and could we measure its size, depending on the load?”  The theory starts with an acceptance that this volume (contact layer) is filled non-homogeneously with solid material and therefore its mechanical behaviour is non-linear. It is explained a semi-empiric model for this phenomenon and also a method for interpretation and presentation of nonlinear force-displacement diagrams. This semi-empiric relationship is ∆= + | |, where P is the load, ∆ is the uniaxial deformation of the system with base length L, containing one contact layer and both a, b are regression coefficients. Results for deformability of the contact layer between a specimen, made of light silicate concrete and the steel support are shown.

Author(s) Details

Rumen Krastev Krastev
Institute of Mechanics - BAS, Acad. G. Bontchev Str., bl. 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.  

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