Comparative Study of Image Fusion Techniques in Treatment Planning | Chapter 6 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

 

The process by which different images or information from multiple images are combined is termed as Image fusion which is achieved by applying a sequence of operators on the images. Recently, a number of image fusion techniques have been developed. This chapter presents a review on the main categories of image fusion namely spatial domain technique, transform domain technique and statistical domain fusion technique. This chapter also reviews on the importance of image fusion techniques in treatment planning. Image Fusion is one of the latest fields adopted to solve the problems of digital image; image fusion produces high-quality images which contains additional information for the purposes of interpretation, classification, segmentation and compression, etc. The principle requirement of the fusion process is to identify the most significant features in the input images and to transfer them without loss of detail into the fused image. Image Fusion finds its application in vast range of areas. It is used for medical diagnostics and treatment. This chapter presents a brief description of some of the extensively used image fusion techniques for treatment planning. Comparison of all available image fusion techniques concludes a better approach for future research on image fusion.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Bhuvaneswari Balachander

Department  of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.

 

D. Dhanasekaran

Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/etert/v5

Experimental Development of the Use of Sodium Lignosulfonate as a Superplasticizer Additive in Mortars Used in Civil Construction | Chapter 4 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 5

The use of stabilized mortar has increased in Brazil in recent years, as it provides greater productivity and rationality on construction sites. One of the greatest technological advances in the mortar business has been the development of new additives, which have been of great help to the civil construction industry. The main objective of this work was to analyze the influence of sodium lignosulfonate on the properties of self-leveling mortars using white cement, limestone and other additives. The repercussions from the addition of sodium lignosulfonate into the prepared mortar were evaluated by mass consistency assays, tensile strength and compression tests. The addition of sodium lignosulfonate negatively influences the fluidity of the mortar for addition values higher than 0.6% compared to white cement. However, for concentrations equivalent to 0.2% and 0.4% there is an increase in fluidity. There is a progressive increase in the compressive and tensile strength of the analyzed mortar, as it approaches its 28th day of mortar hydration, for additions of sodium lignosulfonate, respectively, at concentrations of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%, except for the concentration of 0.8%.

 

Author(s) Details

Fernando B. Mainier
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Jenifer C. de Souza Fassarela
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Renata Jogaib Mainier
Universo – Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, S. Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v5/1648

Robust Encryption-Compression Scheme Based on Multiple Parameter Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform for JPEG 2000 | Chapter 5 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 7

The concept of Fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) was first introduced by N. Wiener in 1929, in quantum mechanics, the FRFT was recognized as a ‘transform method’ by mathematical bodies after the work of Victor Namias in 1980 in which the concept of FRFT had introduced by considering fractional power of eigenfunctions of the ordinary FT. Encryption along with compression is the process used to secure any multimedia content processing with minimum data storage and transmission. The transforms play a vital role in optimizing any encryption-compression systems. Earlier the original information in the existing security system based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is protected by only a certain order of FRFT. In this article, a novel method for an encryption-compression scheme based on multiple parameters of discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFRFT) with random phase matrices is proposed. The performance analysis and salient features of the proposed encryption-compression scheme are discussed in detail. The multiple-parameter discrete fractional Fourier transform (MPDFRFT) possesses all the desired properties of discrete fractional Fourier transform. The MPDFRFT converts to the DFRFT when all of its order parameters are the same. We exploit the properties of multiple-parameter DFRFT and propose a novel encryption-compression scheme using the double random phase in the MPDFRFT domain for encryption and compression data. The proposed scheme provides two-way options for data encryption and compression as well. The proposed scheme with MPDFRFT significantly enhances the data security along with the image quality of decompressed images compared to DFRFT and FRFT and it shows consistent performance with different images. The numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and efficiency of this scheme based on Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and compression ratio (CR) and the robustness of the schemes against bruit force attack is examined.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Deepak Sharma
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna, India.

 

Manish Patidar
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v7/2789

Simple Surgical Technique for Prevention of PPH at Cesarean Section | Chapter 3 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

This affiliate demonstrate the influence of a quick surgical operation, while Primary postpartum bleed can be prevented in women the one are at risk by having a Caesarean section. Pregnant women accompanying placenta previa and premature cesarean section denote a very extreme-risk group of obstetric patients for bigger postpartum hemorrhage and peripartum hysterectomy. In daughters with hurt uterus the normal placental migration forsakes to occur, and the characteristic growth of uterine regions is hindered, contributing to extreme incidence of amniotic sac previa in such cases. This study was administered at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt. It was a retrospective study of the intraoperative and postoperative ancestry loss in girls who had Caesarean section with predisposing determinants for primary post-partum bleed (PPH). After closure of the transverse lower slice incision on the uterus, the operator moves alongside to the left round bond. An absorbable vicryl-2 stitch on a round bodied tease is passed through the ligament, about 2 cm beneath the level of the uterine incision. The two edges of the stitching are knotted together and cut about 1 cm from the knot. Application of purse-succession compression sutures during Caesarean section causes compres-sion of the uterus at the utero-cervical junction in addition to vasoconstriction of the major uterine ships as they ascend the lateral divider of the uterus. One thousand and five (1005) patients had this process done betwixt 2014-2020. Their mode of delivery was Caesarean section, and all of bureaucracy had predisposing determinants to primary postpartum hemorrhage. 997 (99.2%) had ancestry loss of <1000 ml. Only 8 (0.79%) had intraoperative and post-influential blood deficit >1000 ml. These were due to thorough cervical lacerations and co-agulation disorders. It is suggested that the reduced ancestry loss in these mothers who were willing, was as a result of the purse-string stitching during surgical fetus delivery. Reduced incidence of basic postpartum hemorrhage results in reduced occurrence of maternal extinction due to this cause.  When a wife has risk factors for primary postpartum bleed and has a cesarean beginning, purse-string condensation suture (PSCS) is advised for use.

Author(s) Details:

Iwo-Amah Rose Sitonma,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

K. O. Pepple Douglas,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Ikiroma Sokeipirim Erasmus,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Eli Sukarime,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V9/article/view/11687

Towards Wavelet Based Video Codec | Book Publisher International

 Since 1980, new video codecs have been created that produce low data rates while preserving the integrity of raw visual data. Videos are typically kept on general-purpose computers and a variety of portable devices. The amount of capacity required to store raw video data in those devices is enormous. As a result, video compression is a fascinating and important issue. There are two types of compression methods: lossy and lossless. Lossy compression is a method of increasing compression efficiency by losing image and video quality. The preservation of the original data is more important than compression performance in some applications; this is where lossless compression comes in. As a result, this book concentrates on lossy compression. Furthermore, motion estimation and compensation are thought to be important.

Author(s) Details

S. Sowmyayani
St. Mary’s College, India.

P. Arockia Jansi Rani
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/TWBVC/article/view/6677

An Assessment of the Textural Characteristics of Wheat-cassava Bread | Chapter 02 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 4

 The textural features of wheat-cassava bread are described in terms of their reaction to compression, piercing, and tearing pressures in this study. High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) has been shown to be suitable for blending with wheat flour to make satisfactory bread. As a result, the purpose of this study was to see what influence adding cassava flour to wheat flour had on the texture of the composite bread. A Universal texture testing machine, Testometric, was used to perform compression, piercing, and tensile or tearing tests (M500). The compressive strength of the test bread samples did not vary significantly (p0.05) until the second day of storage, which was the third day after baking. The 20 percent cassava bread was substantially different (p0.05) from the others in terms of piercing strength, and in terms of storage time, days 0 and 1 had lower values while days 2 and 3 had higher values, signifying a harder texture in all the samples with storage. When it came to ripping force, the Control bread sample (without HQCF inclusion) showed a substantially larger tearing force (p0.05) that declined with storage days, compared to the other samples with various amounts of HQCF inclusion, indicating that the bread had lost its elasticity and freshness. There was a significant difference in the values observed on days 0 and 1 compared to those recorded on days 2 and 3, with the 15 percent cassava bread sample displaying stronger tearing force as storage time increased. Textural alterations were not significant (p>0.05) until day 2, the third day after baking, and while the Control with no cassava was noticeably different from the others, the cassava samples were texture-wise equivalent. Textural features in terms of compression were shown to be influenced by storage time more than cassava inclusion level, whereas piercing and tearing strengths were found to be influenced by both levels of cassava inclusion and storage duration. According to the findings, adding up to 20% cassava to wheat/cassava bread does not affect the texture.

Author(S) Details

A. Osibanjo Adetokunbo
Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi P.M.B 21023 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

O. Ibidapo Phebean
Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi P.M.B 21023 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

N. Elemo Gloria
Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi P.M.B 21023 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V4/article/view/6401

Investigating the Effect of Power Intensity on Properties of Microwave Modified Oil Palm Trunk Lumber| Chapter 2 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 In Malaysia, the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the traditional plantations that is growing year after year. As a result, the rate of oil palm biomass will continue to rise in the future. Oil palm biomass is now undergoing research and development, and it appears to be the most sustainable replacement to limited wood resources. Investigations into oil palm biomass have been carried out in order to assist in the removal of oil palm trash while also assisting in the economic recovery of the country. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of power intensity on the characteristics of microwave-modified oil palm trunk timber. Microwave treatment of oil palm trunk samples was used to establish a network of linkages. Using a microwave with a 2.45 GHz operating frequency and the liberated process input power intensity (600- 1000W). The samples were evaluated for impact and compression. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the characteristics of fresh and dry samples, and thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate heat degradation (TGA). In this study, oven-drying samples were also used as a comparison to the traditional drying technique. Microwave drying technologies are effective in the drying process, according to the findings of this study.

 
Author(s) Details

Nurjannah Salim
Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Anis Izzati Ibrahim
Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Rasidi Roslan
Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Mohammad Ashry Jusoh
Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Rokiah Hashim
Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V5/article/view/2083

Comparative Study of Image Fusion Techniques in Treatment Planning | Chapter 6 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

The process by which different images or information from multiple images are combined is termed as Image fusion which is achieved by applying a sequence of operators on the images. Recently, a number of image fusion techniques have been developed. This chapter presents a review on the main categories of image fusion namely spatial domain technique, transform domain technique and statistical domain fusion technique. This chapter also reviews on the importance of image fusion techniques in treatment planning. Image Fusion is one of the latest fields adopted to solve the problems of digital image; image fusion produces high-quality images which contains additional information for the purposes of interpretation, classification, segmentation and compression, etc. The principle requirement of the fusion process is to identify the most significant features in the input images and to transfer them without loss of detail into the fused image. Image Fusion finds its application in vast range of areas. It is used for medical diagnostics and treatment. This chapter presents a brief description of some of the extensively used image fusion techniques for treatment planning. Comparison of all available image fusion techniques concludes a better approach for future research on image fusion.

Author(s) Details

Bhuvaneswari Balachander
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.

Dr. D. Dhanasekaran
Principal, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/187

Deformability of Contact Layers: Scientific Study | Chapter 2 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 4

Machine and structural components have volume and surfaces. The last does not have an ideal shape, and they are rough. When two components have mechanical contact (like one foot of a desk and the floor), this contact has a common contact surface. It is well known that real contact surface is much smaller than the nominal cross-section of the smaller component. Furthermore, the volume that is near the contact surface is not dense. It contains asperities and empty space between them. In this chapter is analysed the question “What happens with this contact volume and could we measure its size, depending on the load?”  The theory starts with an acceptance that this volume (contact layer) is filled non-homogeneously with solid material and therefore its mechanical behaviour is non-linear. It is explained a semi-empiric model for this phenomenon and also a method for interpretation and presentation of nonlinear force-displacement diagrams. This semi-empiric relationship is ∆= + | |, where P is the load, ∆ is the uniaxial deformation of the system with base length L, containing one contact layer and both a, b are regression coefficients. Results for deformability of the contact layer between a specimen, made of light silicate concrete and the steel support are shown.

Author(s) Details

Rumen Krastev Krastev
Institute of Mechanics - BAS, Acad. G. Bontchev Str., bl. 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.  

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/171