Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on Body Mass Index, Self-esteem and Food Habits |Chapter 12 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 2

 

Body mass index (BMI) is a simple, inexpensive, and widely accepted measure for assessing nutritional status and overall health. It is calculated from an individual’s weight and height and is used globally to classify underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recognises BMI as a universal standard for monitoring population health and obesity trends. In children and adolescents, BMI is interpreted using age- and sex-specific percentiles, commonly referred to as BMI-for-age. Beyond being a physical health indicator, BMI also reflects aspects of psychological well-being, as body weight and self-perception are closely interrelated. During orthodontic treatment, patients often experience temporary discomfort, pain, and chewing difficulties following appliance placement or adjustments. To minimise such issues and prevent appliance breakage, orthodontists usually recommend a soft or semi-solid diet. While these dietary modifications help reduce pain and maintain appliance integrity, they may restrict the intake of certain foods, leading to potential changes in nutritional balance. Prolonged adherence to such a diet can influence energy intake, metabolism, and weight, thereby affecting a patient’s BMI. In orthodontics, monitoring BMI has become increasingly relevant, as dietary changes, discomfort, and adaptation throughout treatment may alter patients’ nutritional status over time. Additionally, patients with severe malocclusion often report low self-esteem due to dissatisfaction with their dental appearance. This chapter discusses the longitudinal changes in BMI, food habits, and self-esteem among patients during the first year of orthodontic treatment, offering insights into the interplay between nutrition, physical transformation, and psychological adjustment. It also incorporates findings from a study conducted by the authors on the same topic, providing evidence-based perspectives on how orthodontic treatment influences these parameters over time.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sangeetha M. Gnaneswar
Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600089, India.

 

Vimala Gnanasambandam
Department of Orthodontics, Tamilnadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v2/6531

When Teacher’s Beliefs and Student’s Self-esteem Are in Conflict: A Case for Including Social Metacognition in Teacher Education Curriculum | Chapter 7 | An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 2

Social metacognition is a blend of sociology, psychology and cognition. One area that this branch of study investigates is the matches and mismatches between one’s assessment of oneself and the assessment by others in a social context. The pedagogical potentials of social metacognition form the core of this paper. Though not based on any empirical study, the conclusions arrived at in this study are mainly drawn from long-time observations of the changes in the behavioural patterns of school children.

As the title suggests, this paper attempts to juxtapose these two fundamental concepts underlying the success (or failure) of teaching. Culturally absorbed professional behaviours such as teacher entitlement and teacher belief most often function in antithesis to children’s genetically acquired self-esteem. Judgments have been cited as the main component of cognition by psychologists. We judge ourselves and we are constantly being judged by others. In these simultaneously occurring processes, the data being studied need not be the same. Even if the same, the mode of observation being subjective, judgement certainly differs; and as a result, our self-judgments need not correspond with others’ assessment about us. In a social group like a class or school, this conflict leads to irreparable relationship breakdown. This paper is an attempt to study the effect of one such mismatch between teacher beliefs and student’s self-judgment by applying certain fundamental principles of social metacognition in pedagogy.

 

Author (s) Details

 

P. Bhaskaran Nair
Department of English, Pondicherry University, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aoller/v2/928

Exploring Individual and Interpersonal Factors of Personal Identifiable Information on Social Networking Sites | Chapter 1 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 This study attempts to search the effects of interpersonal and individual traits on "personal capable of being traced information" (PII) disclosure, containing the desire for self-validation, social abilities, and readiness to trust possible choice. Quantitative research techniques were applied in the study. Saudi Arabia given 375 male and female volunteers for the research. The news was gathered via a shut-ended survey, and SPSS version 23 was appropriated for analysis. The judgments indicate the role of self-confirmation, public self-consciousness, willingness to trust remainder of something, and social abilities as influential determinants, moving the extent of PII announcement on SNS. The outcomes, generated from Principal Component Analysis, clear up six salient facets accompanying eigenvalues equal to or surpassing one. Notably, factor loadings in closeness to 1 indicate a more robust friendship, underscoring significant equatings within the data. These disclosures offer a comprehensive foundation for understanding the multifaceted landscape of PII revelation, thereby advancing our understanding of online news-sharing behavior.

Author(s) Details:

Ahmed Alturki,
Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.

Shatha Alkhaldi,
Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.

Abdullah Algarni,
Information Technology Division, Institute of Public Administration, Riyadh 11141, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V5/article/view/12240

The Relative Importance of Self-esteem and Collective Self-esteem to Subjective Wellbeing: A Study of Hong Kong Chinese and Australian Chinese| Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 7

 This study aimed to compare the role of individual and communal self-esteem (CSE) in predicting subjective wellbeing (SWB) in Australian and Hong Kong Chinese populations, with the latter group included first- and second-generation immigrants. It was interesting to note that CSE predicted SWB variance more strongly for Australian Chinese than for Hong Kong Chinese and that the amount of SWB variance contributed by CSE was highest for Australian second-generation Chinese immigrants. Both self-esteem and CSE predicted SWB variance for all Chinese respondents by embedding in the homeostatic model of SWB. These results were consistent with the greater levels of collectivism observed among Australian Chinese people, which were accounted for by their migrant status and feelings of nostalgia.  

Author(s) Details:

Lufanna Ching-Han Lai,
Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDASS-V7/article/view/8083

The Philosophy – Psychology Dialogue| Chapter 8 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

The essay delves into two facets of the problem. a. Is there a connection between Philosophy and Psychology, and if so, what is the nature of that connection? Because the Author believes in the evolution of holistic and comprehensive perceptions, these questions are crucial. Furthermore, the Author claims that because human behaviour is the result of a variety of causes and variables, a whole picture requires the application of multidisciplinary methods. Separately studying each field is insufficient. More emphasis should be placed on examining the common effect as well as the combined impact of several variables on people's end products - thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Furthermore, the Author observes that there is already a relationship between the two disciplines, since they frequently behave as two sides of the same coin. They frequently serve as complements rather than competitors. The Author supports his assertion by examining three situations and the entire individual-organization complex. Adam and Eve's character and curiosity are described in the essay, attributes that empower and guide them in their quest for knowledge. Furthermore, because of their actions, Adam and Eve became the forefathers of all future scientific explorers and researchers. Finally, the author suggests that the "Normal Distribution Method" be employed as the major teaching and learning instrument in the social sciences.

Author(s) Details:

Amos Avny,
Omnidev International, Yehud, Israel.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDASS-V3/article/view/6752 

Self-efficacy and Self-esteem within an Organizational Relationship | Chapter 06 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their own ability to achieve a goal. Self-esteem is a person's assessment of his or her own character. Organizational self-esteem is described as an employee's perception of their own competence inside the organisation, whereas organisational self-efficacy is defined as an employee's belief that their own competence can be translated into successful action within the organisation. The goal of the study was to look into the relationship between occupational self-efficacy and occupational self-esteem and see whether there were any gender disparities. A total of 135 people, all of whom were employed, were surveyed using the Organizational Based Self-Esteem Scale (OBSE) and the New Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale (OCCSEFF). However, no link between gender and self-efficacy or gender and self-esteem could be found, and no difference between gender and self-esteem was detected. However, because few studies achieve significant results, this one should be evaluated.

Author(S) Details

Zayda Costa
Albizu University, United States.

Toni Di Dona
Albizu University, United States.

Anastasiya Rusilka
Albizu University, United States.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V7/article/view/6593

A Brief Discussion on the Philosophy - Psychology Linkage | Chapter 4 | New Horizons in Education and Social Studies Vol. 7

Two questions about the subject are explored in the Essay: a. If there is some link between Psychology and Philosophy, and b. What is the essence of this interconnection? Currently, the author replies that there is already such a linkage. In fact, these two disciplines are complementary rather than competitive, like two sides of the same coin. The author examines 3 hypothetical cases to explain these points, analysing the whole individual-organization complex. The Essay outlines the essence and curiosity of Adam and Eve, attributes that inspired them in their quest for wisdom. This action also made them the fore-parents of all the explorers who preceded them, adventurers and researchers. In addition, the author shows how the incorrect use of ideological arguments damages and subdues individuals. Finally, the author supports the adoption of the "Normal Distribution Method" and the "Bell type Curve" as key instruments in social science teaching and research. Promoting interdisciplinary study and analysis, encouraging mind-opening and innovative thinking, while promoting collaboration and cooperation through the use of normal distribution studies. We hope that when philosophers are able to talk to people and psychologists enjoy explaining stars, stronger and more important outcomes can be achieved.

Author(s) Details

Amos Avny

Omnidev International, Yehud, Israel.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/357

Assessment of the Correlates of Mental Health in Sexually Abused Adolescent Girls | Chapter 2 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Sexual harassment is a common issue that happens through ethnic and socio-economic classes, gender, caste, colour, and religion. Sexual violence causes severe stress and mental problems that cause significant psychological and behavioural problems in the short and long term. Among children between 11 and 18 years of age, 81.53 percent of the total incidence of child sexual exploitation was recorded. The pre-adolescent child seems to be most at risk. Child sexual abuse is known as Peters Type I (contact abuse) Type II (non-contact abuse). Sexual exploitation of children could have a significant effect on various facets of mental health such as depression, tolerance of stress, emotional intelligence, endurance, self-esteem and psychological well-being. The sex ratio is nearly equivalent in children, but adolescent females are twice as likely as adolescent males to be raped, largely because of the prevalence of sexual assault. The present research aims to understand the influence of sexual assault on adolescent girls' mental health correlations. A sample of 177 adolescent girls aged 18 years from two districts of Kerala, India's southernmost state, was studied for this research. For the research, 57 sexually exploited girls from the children's home of the government, 66 non-abused girls from a destitute home and 54 non-abused girls staying with parents were chosen. In terms of socio-economic status and age, those groups fit. Beck's Depression Inventory, Stress Resistance Measure, Emotional Intelligence Inventory, Brief Resilience, Self-Esteem Scale and Psychological Well-being Scale are the instruments used for this analysis. A One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test were used to analyse results. The findings suggest that there is a substantial difference in the six variables under review between the three classes. Sexually exploited girls exhibit moderate levels of depression, while mild depression is seen in the other two categories. All three groups display a high degree of stress tolerance, but girls who are sexually assaulted show relatively low stress tolerance. The emotional maturity of sexually abused children in schools is very low and varies greatly from that of the other two classes of non-abused children. In contrast to the other two categories, sexually exploited children have poor endurance, low self-esteem and low psychological well-being. Compared to safe controls, sexually abused teenage girls have dramatically high levels of depression and low levels of stress tolerance, emotional maturity, endurance, self-esteem and psychological well-being. This research therefore illustrates the significant negative effect of sexual violence on teenage girls' mental health correlations.

Author(s) Details

John Jacob Mundukottackal
Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India.

Vidhya Ravindranadan
Department of Psychology, Union Christian College, Mahatma Gandhi University, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/331