Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on Body Mass Index, Self-esteem and Food Habits |Chapter 12 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 2

 

Body mass index (BMI) is a simple, inexpensive, and widely accepted measure for assessing nutritional status and overall health. It is calculated from an individual’s weight and height and is used globally to classify underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recognises BMI as a universal standard for monitoring population health and obesity trends. In children and adolescents, BMI is interpreted using age- and sex-specific percentiles, commonly referred to as BMI-for-age. Beyond being a physical health indicator, BMI also reflects aspects of psychological well-being, as body weight and self-perception are closely interrelated. During orthodontic treatment, patients often experience temporary discomfort, pain, and chewing difficulties following appliance placement or adjustments. To minimise such issues and prevent appliance breakage, orthodontists usually recommend a soft or semi-solid diet. While these dietary modifications help reduce pain and maintain appliance integrity, they may restrict the intake of certain foods, leading to potential changes in nutritional balance. Prolonged adherence to such a diet can influence energy intake, metabolism, and weight, thereby affecting a patient’s BMI. In orthodontics, monitoring BMI has become increasingly relevant, as dietary changes, discomfort, and adaptation throughout treatment may alter patients’ nutritional status over time. Additionally, patients with severe malocclusion often report low self-esteem due to dissatisfaction with their dental appearance. This chapter discusses the longitudinal changes in BMI, food habits, and self-esteem among patients during the first year of orthodontic treatment, offering insights into the interplay between nutrition, physical transformation, and psychological adjustment. It also incorporates findings from a study conducted by the authors on the same topic, providing evidence-based perspectives on how orthodontic treatment influences these parameters over time.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sangeetha M. Gnaneswar
Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600089, India.

 

Vimala Gnanasambandam
Department of Orthodontics, Tamilnadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v2/6531

Alveolar Bone Remodeling | Book Publisher International

 

Alveolar bone remodelling is a dynamic and continuous process involving bone resorption and formation, essential for preserving oral health, maintaining structural integrity, and supporting functional dentition. This adaptive mechanism enables the alveolar bone to respond to mechanical stimuli such as mastication and orthodontic forces, playing a critical role in both periodontal maintenance and orthodontic therapy. The remodelling process is governed by a coordinated interplay of cellular, molecular, and systemic factors. Osteoclasts facilitate bone resorption, while osteoblasts are responsible for new bone formation. Osteocytes, which are mature osteoblasts embedded within the bone matrix, act as mechanosensors and help regulate bone turnover in response to mechanical stress. Central to this regulatory network is the RANKL–OPG (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand – Osteoprotegerin) signalling pathway, which modulates the balance between resorption and formation. Recent advances in alveolar bone regeneration have been made possible by recent developments in regenerative treatment, including the use of growth factors (e.g., BMPs, PDGF), stem cell-based techniques, and biomimetic scaffolds. In order to improve the results of periodontal therapy, orthodontics, and implant dentistry, these treatments seek to restore bone volume and architecture in areas that have been weakened by illness, trauma, or tooth loss. A deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in bone remodelling, combined with the integration of regenerative strategies, holds significant promise for promoting bone health, preserving tooth stability, and enhancing long-term clinical outcomes.

 

Author(s) Details

Dr. Jayachandiran. M
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.

 

Dr. Saravana Kumar.R
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.

 

Dr. Pratebha.B
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.

 

Dr. Sakthi Devi.S
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.

 

Dr. Kurinchichelvan.R
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-990309-8-5

Nature vs. Nurture: Clinical and Cephalometric Pattern in Twins | Chapter 1 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 The aim concerning this study of monozygotic twins is to determine the genetic and referring to practices or policies that do not negatively affect the environment components of variation inside the cranio-dento-facial complex. Malocclusion is a enlightening problem inducing a departure from the normal or ideal obstruction. It’s known to be the exhibition of the genetic and tangible interaction on craniofacial development. Genetic determinants are thought to noticeable during embryonic craniofacial morphogenesis, while incidental factors are pronounced to have a postnatal influence on dentofacial morphology, particularly all along the growth ending. Orthodontists usually assume that hereditary factors are of big significance to the development of malocclusion. Studies of twin correspondences have lent support to this idea. Twin studies is one of the common plan to study the role of genes. The twin procedure provides geneticists with individual of the most educational techniques available for study of complex genetic characteristics. The study of craniofacial relationship in twins has supported much useful facts concerning the role of malocclusion. Studies of twin correspondences have lent support to this idea. Twin studies are one of the most direct methods for fact-finding genetically determined malocclusion variables. Discordancy is a ordinary occurrence in dizygotic identical twins. Discordancy in monozygotic twins, on the other hand, is a unique occurrence.  Environmental determinants do play an important role in the conflict of malocclusion in twins. By examining twins, researchers can learn about the role of hereditary effects and the effects of joint and unique surroundings effects.

Author(s) Details:

Jeenal K. Gupta,
Department of Orthodontics, Modern Dental College and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Vijayendra K. Jain,
Departments of Periodontics, Modern Dental College and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Kailash Chandra Gupta,
Department of Oral Surgery, Modern Dental College and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Kunal K. Gupta,
Consultant Department of Head and Neck Oncosurgery, SRJ CBCC Cancer Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V8/article/view/10842

Management of Pain due to Orthodontic Treatment | Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

 Pain is a low side effect of Orthodontic treatment. Various processes of Orthodontic treatment to a degree separator placement, archwire ligation, t loop incitement, intermaxillary elastics, debonding, placement of TADSs, influence varying quality of pain. This pain affects the quality of existence. Studies have shown that Orthodontists often minimize the pain of their patients on account of Orthodontic treatment. This chapter attempts to devote effort to something different management plans to control pain due to Orthodontic situation.

Author(s) Details:

Sujit Panda,
Rama Dental College, Hospital & Research Centre, Rama University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V4/article/view/9937

Clear Aligner Therapy - The Advancements & Updates of Aligners in Orthodontics | Chapter 18 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Clear aligners have transformed the world of orthodontic aesthetics, and the number of patients interested in clear aligner therapy is growing all the time. Clear aligner technology has advanced dramatically in recent years, and they are becoming increasingly adaptable in the treatment of orthodontic patients. Clear aligner technology is becoming more adaptable every day to satisfy the growing demand. This chapter will provide an overview of clear aligner therapy, including the evolution of clear aligners, as well as their clinical applications, case selection, and treatment.

Author (S) Details

G. Dharmadeep

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, G Pulla Reddy Dental College & Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sakshi Tiwari

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, G Pulla Reddy Dental College & Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.

M. Balagangadhar

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Siddartha Dental College and Hospital, Tumkur, Karnataka, India.

Nettam Venkatesh

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V3/article/view/4165