Impact of Liquidity Risk and Liquidity Management Role | Chapter 3 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 2

 

A strong liquidity position in the banking industry is of paramount importance for the smooth functioning of the economy. The failure of the bank to manage its liquidity results in liquidity risk which further increases the probability of default (PD) in the banking industry. The aim of this paper is the analysis of liquidity management policy in order to determine the level of liquidity risk. Planning of liquidity requirements is important from the microeconomic aspect because the banks at any moment must respond to requests submitted by depositors or applications for new loans. Provision of liquidity is also required from the macroeconomic aspect since this reflects on the economic and financial stability. Quantitative data for this study was collected using a questionnaire designed to analyze liquidity risk management, which would help in the identification and explanation of possible changes in the banking system in the country. Data collected from the questionnaire was processed using the SPSS program. Based on the analysis, it is estimated that banks properly manage liquidity and maintain adequate liquidity reserves to ensure sufficient funds to meet their commitments on time. Also, the main sources providing liquidity for banks are the non-term deposits and the issuance of various securities. However, holding excess liquidity reserves causes the opportunity cost for banks, but also non-fulfillment of the requirements of the economy for loans. Therefore, the regulatory bodies should reduce the liquidity reserve holding. It is recommended for future research studies to expand not only in Kosovo but also in the CEE countries in general because there is no such research.

 

Author(s) Details

Lumnije Thaçi
College “UBT”, Prishtina, Kosovo.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v2/1343

Future Prospect and Challenges of Genome Editing for Genetically Improvement of Plants in Indonesia | Chapter 2 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 3

The ease of use, accuracy and efficiency of genome-editing tools have led to their broad adoption in research, as well as proof of concept applications in gene therapies involving non-reproductive (somatic) cells. Climate change now in the next 10 years still become a concern for most countries. The quantity and quality of land, particularly that which is available for crop production, are declining, which prompts several attempts to create suitable technology for genetic improvement using a biotechnology method. Genome editing is a new and quickly evolving technology for performing genetic change that is being explored extensively. Numerous studies have effectively used genome editing to modify an organism's DNA in order to improve its genetic traits without leaving any sign of foreign genes in the finished goods. There are research reports concerning the development of climate-compatible crops, high productivity, high quality and specific traits for animals and fish, effective and specifically targeted biocatalytic processes by using microorganisms, health-promoting foodstuffs and environmentally friendly production using genome editing approach. Genome editing requires a genetic engineering process for editing the genome, however, the products obtained can have similarities with the results of natural mutations. The genome editing approach will be an important alternative for genetic improvement, which is different to the existing GMO technologies, which have already been developed for almost 30 years. Many assessments concluded that genome editing will catalyze important innovations in the bioeconomy. This paper will discuss the global trends of genome editing and the opportunities and challenges faced in Indonesia. Moreover, it will also discuss the roles of the existing regulations and how they adapt to respond to this new technology. The bioeconomy of Indonesia will be nurtured by the development of genome editing technology. To accelerate the implementation of genome editing, however, appropriate regulations are needed.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Bambang Prasetya
Indonesia Committee for Biosafety of Genetically Engineering Products and Research Center for Testing Technology and Standard, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.

 

Satya Nugroho
Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v3/1720

 

Examining the Alternative Approaches to Comparability Analysis in Transfer Pricing | Chapter 8 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 10

Comparability analysis provides evidence of compliance with transfer pricing regulations to show that intercompany transactions are conducted at arm’s length prices as is required in most jurisdictions. The concept of comparability in transfer pricing is a multidimensional concept, with product and functional comparability as two of the commonly discussed dimensions. This paper introduces a third dimension to comparability in transfer pricing, that of market comparability. In addition, the concept of comparability as a whole including the interaction between product, functional, and market comparability was examined.

 

Author (s) Details

Arthur S. Leahy
7315 Inzer St., Springfield, VA 22151, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v10/3655

Recommended Legislative Framework for a National Blood Policy and Blood System | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Blood transfusion contributes to saving millions of lives every year, improves Life expectancy and the quality of life of patients suffering from life-threatening conditions, and supports complex medical and surgical procedures.

To meet the needs of all patients every country should put in place policies, a legislative framework, systems and structures to ensure the safety, quality, accessibility and timely availability of blood and blood products. However, there are numerous situations, particularly in the less developed world, where these prerequisites have barely been implemented.

A literature search (PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar) was done on matching combinations of legislation, regulation, and legislation framework, with blood and blood transfusion, which resulted in almost exclusively references with respect to national and international legislation in advanced countries.

Ministries of Health (MoH) should provide effective leadership and governance in developing a healthcare-integrated national blood system.

To ensure an adequate supply of blood and blood products and safe clinical transfusion practice essential functions of a national blood system should include policy formulation, a legislative framework spelling out the principles and boundaries; standard setting; strategic and operational planning; provision of resources and national coordination and management.

The structure of the national blood system will depend on the organization and level of development of the healthcare system. However, all critical activities within a national blood system should be coordinated nationally to promote: uniform standards; economies-of-scale; consistency in the quality and safety of blood and blood products and best transfusion practices. Key are: Formulation and oversight of the implementation of the national blood policy and strategic plan; defining the roles, responsibilities and accountability of institutions and; setting national standards for blood and blood products, services; processes and systems; defining requirements for the registration, licensing and operation.

Author(s) Details:

Cees Th. Smit Sibinga,
IQM Consulting and University of Groningen, Netherlands.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V1/article/view/13649

Concepts and Applications of Therapeutic Interchange in Bioequivalence and Generic Drugs | Chapter 10 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

In this episode, an outline detailing the ideas and applications of Therapeutic Interchange in Bioequivalence and Generic Drugs and to review scientific tests for marketing permission of generic device is presented. Bioequivalence studies are very important for the drug happening phase for two together new drugs and generic equivalents in the drug industry. Their description and the results of common products are a important part of the enrollment dossier offered by regulatory authorities. The significance of bioequivalence studies is increasing again due to the big growth of the production and devouring of generic merchandise. Bioequivalence studies play a key role in constituting interchangeability (therapeutic similarity) and substitution of general drugs, allowing pharmacists to substitute ruling class without requiring prescriber authorization. These studies contribute to cost-influence, improve community health outcomes and boost access to essential drugs.

Author(s) Details:

Eva Troja,
Profarma SH.A. Pharmaceutical Industry, Tirana, Albania.

Leonard Deda,
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V8/article/view/11657

Soldiers without Conscience: Why States Need to Regulate Killer Robots | Chapter 11 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 7

 

 The peculiarity of computerized reasoning (AI) has essentially progressed military innovation in the 21st 100 years, by working with the advancement of deadly independent weapons (LAWs), additionally dedicated 'executioner robots.' These weapon frameworks can choose and hit focuses all alone, with practically no significant human control, which has produced serious moral issues regarding their legitimacy. In another mishap, the law of outfitted struggle, generally alluded to as worldwide compassionate regulation (IHL) doesn't cover executioner robots as such weapons were once excused as sci-fi. The irritating moral issues and lawful vacuum has been the subject of vast discussions by legislatures, the United Nations (UN), common society gatherings, and researchers. While some have required their inside and out boycott, others contend that the advantages of holding them offset the burdens. Utilizing existing writing regarding the matter, this paper examinations the two sides of the discussion in the illumination of current real factors. It has been observed that there are moral and lawful issues that require worldwide consideration and goal; unregulated work of executioner robots predicts risk for mankind, as this can set off another weapons contest; and States are reluctant to preclude them for vital reasons. It advocates the reception of another worldwide settlement to address the bunch of issues related with independent weapon frameworks, and a solid checking and administrative job for the UN.

Author(s) Details:

James E. Archibong,
Department of Jurisprudence and International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V7/article/view/7842  

The Offensive Framework of Resource Based View (RBV): Focusing on Relative Superiority | Chapter 02 | New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 8

 This study examines one aspect of Resource-Based View that is sometimes disregarded (RBV). Given the notion that resource supremacy influences competition outcomes, firms should be able to sustain a competitive advantage by preventing other rivals from producing value with their resources. The aggressive architecture of RBV defines how to maintain such a dominant position over other market competitors. Several theoretical hypotheses, including micro-foundation of resources, have been proposed regarding this issue. To begin with, firms obstruct rivals' ability to attract and retain personnel. Furthermore, the value of rivals' resources is reduced by firms' inventions. Finally, companies employ their resources to keep competitors from profiting, giving them an edge. The implications for academia and industry are discussed, as well as potential future research directions. Future research should concentrate on how companies might maintain relative dominance in socially acceptable ways.

Author(S) Details

Seung Hoon Jang
Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, 337 Sutliff Hall, Zeigler College of Business, East 2nd Street, Bloomsburg, PA, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V8/article/view/6733

Public Policy for Regulating the Interaction between Labor Market Supply and Higher Education Demand in Israel: A Case Study | Chapter 9 | Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 9

In recent decades, the global labour market in general, and the Israeli labour market in particular, have seen significant changes, affecting the availability of jobs in many occupations. The study's objectives are as follows: To begin, determine the relationship between trends in labour supply and trends in higher education demand. Second, to figure out which way this encounter is going. Third, to look into Israeli public policy that may have an impact on one or both of these developments. and Finally, to give recommendations to policymakers regarding necessary changes in the nature of policy governing higher education regulation and adaptation to the demands of a dynamic labour market. There appears to be a link between changes in the labour market's supply of jobs and adjustments in demand for higher education. A bidirectional link between the job market and the higher education system may be shown in two case studies in the Israeli economy. In one scenario, it was discovered that when the number of jobs in the field of computers and engineering grows, so does the need for academic education in this subject. In the second scenario, increased demand for legal academic education resulted in a flooded labour market, which had negative consequences for the sector. The public policy established in Israel to regulate the labour market and higher education system is short-term in nature, and it consists of retrospectively examining actual circumstances and attempting to improve them by directing students to various disciplines in order to meet the labour market's needs or correct its failures. It does not, however, explore future trends or attempt to discover future needs or flaws that may be predicted now.

Author (S) Details

Erez Cohen

Department of Middle Eastern Studies - Political Science, Ariel University, Israel.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPLLE-V9/article/view/3600

India’s New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules: Perception and Perspectives of Indian Researchers | Book Publisher International

 Background/Purpose: Few studies have examined investigators' and ethics members' understanding of previous guidelines, as well as their perspectives on them. No study, however, has looked into the perceptions and viewpoints of Indian researchers on the most recent medications and clinical trial regulations for 2019. (NDCTR-19). The current study's goal is to find a solution to this problem.

Methods: The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys was used to create a web-based online survey using a widely approved Google form with an already verified questionnaire. Participants were given a web URL to use in order to respond to the survey. Between July and September 2019, the data was gathered by emailing the link to several researchers across India. The perceptions and viewpoints of Indian scholars were expressed as a percentage (%) and a mean (%). (standard deviations).

The NDCTR-19 was perceived by 75 (70.8 percent) of the 106 researchers, including those from all zones (100 percent, p.0001). Changes to the timeframe, open post-trial drug passage, and embracing equality were all approved by 36 (63.2%), 32 (53.1%), and 31 (54.5%) of respondents, respectively. 37 people agreed that recent developments in severe adverse effects and compensation were beneficial (64.9 percent ). Furthermore, the majority of respondents felt that sharing the NDCTR-19 with other researchers, particularly those from the central zone, would impact the working atmosphere (100 percent, p.0001, respectively).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that the NDCTR-19 can help speed up clinical trials and expand India's pharmaceutical sector. The findings will be of interest to investigators as well as stakeholders from pharmaceutical corporations on a national and worldwide level.

Author(S) Details

Vishal Vennu
School of Pharmacy, Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Faridabad, India and Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/INDCTRPPIR/article/view/3787

Bioethics and the Development of Biotechnology in Developing Economies: A Case of Nigeria Agricultural Research System (NARS) | Chapter 8 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

The growth of biotechnologies has been monitored by ethical concerns, particularly as they affect human health and the environment. Such scandals have had a significant influence on the advancement of policies and laws impacting their growth and deployment. Agricultural biotechnology has been at the core of heated national debates, especially in its advanced forms, concerned with manipulating genes. The paper explored the potential of agricultural biotechnology with regard to conjectural threats that could be related to technology. In less developed and food insecure countries such as Nigeria, it attempted to expose the delicate balance between meeting pressing food needs and the potential risks in the use of biotechnology products. Furthermore, the study highlighted the role of ethics in the creation of national biosafety systems and laws. Although the most sealable choice for developing agricultural research systems is considered to be a precautionary posture, ethical concerns must be properly addressed from the outset in order to avoid the experience of developed countries where the production of such agricultural biotechnologies is stiffly resistant.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Thomas Adisa
Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B.01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/362