Interaction between the Reticular Nucleus of the Thalamus and Different Brainstem Structures | Chapter 13 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

The reticular nucleus of the thalamus (TRN) has attracted special attention among diencephalic structures, which are specially related to the genesis of the electrical activity of brain. Brain stem formations also appear to be able to change the activity of other parts of the brain. The aim of this investigation was to study the mechanisms of the relationship between TRN, mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). It has been shown, for the first time, that: firstly, TRN and MRF are functionally interrelated and affect each other reciprocally - activation of TRN mainly inhibits the activity of MRF neurons and vice versa; secondly, stimulation of NTS led to the activation of TRN neurons. Moreover, when recording the activity of TRN and MRF neurons with two microelectrodes, it was shown that, upon NTS stimulation, deep inhibition of MRF neurons occurred in parallel with the activation of TRN neurons. Based on our results, it is possible to make some adjustments to the scheme of the relationship between the synchronizing and desynchronizing structures when changing the functional state of the brain and the place of TRN in this activity. Taken together, these findings indicate that the brainstem exerts substantial control over the activity of TRN neurons, possibly to globally modulate the level of arousal for preparing for consciousness.

Author(s) Details:

Z. I. Nanobashvili,
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.

I. G. Bilanishvili,
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.

B. B. Buachidze,
Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

M. D. Barbakadze,
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia and Teaching University “GEOMEDI”, Tbilisi, Georgia.

N. A. Khizanishvili,
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V7/article/view/14230

Some Characteristics of Neurons in the Reticular Nucleus of the Thalamus | Chapter 6 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 The results concerning this study demonstrate, for the first occasion, that generation of spike potentials of various amplitudes was observed in the venture of the thalamic reticular core neurons. The generation of one operation potential does not interfere accompanying the generation of another, and a pierce potential of smaller size can occur at the ascending or downward phase of the pierce potential of large size. It can be argued that the pierce potentials of lower amplitudes arising in the thalamic troublesome nucleus neuron are of decorated with flowers origin. Given both the calculated position and the functional purpose of the NRT, it maybe assumed that the neurons concerning this structure must each occasion be discharged with pierce potentials in order to complete activity their modulating effect on other fields of the nervous system of the brain outside leakage.

Author(s) Details:

Z. I. Nanobashvili,
Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Tbilisi, Georgia.

I. G. Bilanishvili,
Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Tbilisi, Georgia.

M. G. Barbakadze,
Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Tbilisi, Georgia.

N. A. Khizanishvili,
Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V6/article/view/11478

Telomerase in Brain and its Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases | Chapter 19 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Telomerase is an enzyme that stretches and protects the ends of chromosomes, known as telomeres. This reverse transcriptase function is essential for dividing cells whose telomeres are constantly shortening. TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) has a number of non-canonical roles in addition to its canonical role in preserving telomeres in dividing cells. Importantly, the RNA component of telomerase, TERC, is downregulated early in human brain development, resulting in telomerase activity loss in all but neural stem cells. The telomerase protein TERT, on the other hand, is found in human brain neurons throughout one's life. TERT is the most prevalent telomerase subunit in the brain, and it is responsible for a variety of protective processes such as better stress responses and accelerated toxicity protein degradation. The current review discusses some recent results about telomerase in the brain, as well as their potential implications for neurodegenerative illnesses and novel therapeutic techniques.

Author(S) Details

Gabriele Saretzki
Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, NE4 5Pl Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V9/article/view/4603