Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinically Isolated from a Province in Northern China | Chapter 1 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 7

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to enquire about the epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli clinically isolated strains, and to provide data support for treatment and prevention.

 

Methods: Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the micro-broth dilution method. The drug sensitivity of strains was evaluated using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 29th edition M100) standards. Data statistical analysis was completed by the WHONET 5.6 software.

 

Results: Over the three years from 2017 to 2019, a total of 1439 strains of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli were isolated. Among them, urine samples accounted for 33.0% and sputum samples accounted for 29.8%, ranking the top two. Male patients accounted for 57.4%. The number of internal medicine patients was twice that of surgical patients. Elderly (>60 years) and adults (18-59 years) accounted for 59.6% and 30.8% respectively. The isolation rate in provincial capital cities was the highest, reaching 30.92%. The resistance rates of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli to cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, and amikacin were 90.6%, 69.1%, 69.5%, and 22.2% respectively. Among the MIC50/MIC90 values, Tigecycline had the lowest value of 0.5/1

g/ml, while Piperacillin and Piperacillin/tazobactam had the highest value of 128/128

g/ml.

 

Conclusion: Clinically, carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli mainly causes urinary and respiratory system infections in the elderly. There are significant regional differences in their distribution, and they exhibit a high resistance rate to

-lactam antibiotics. It is worth noting that tigecycline has lower MIC50 and MIC90 values for this type of resistant Escherichia coli.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Wei Zhang
Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China and Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.

 

Zhirong Li
Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China.

 

Na Wang
Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China.

Zhicong Yang
Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jia Li
Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China.

 

Caiqing Li
Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China.

 

Xuying Han
Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China.

 

Jinlu Liu
Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China.

 

Liping Li
Clinical Laboratory, Zhangjiakou Xuan Gang Hospital, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China.

 

Shuwang Wang
Clinical Laboratory, Zhangjiakou Xuan Gang Hospital, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China.

 

Minghua Zhan
Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China and Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v7/2282

Determining the Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of E. coli Isolated from Pooled Samples of Sick, Farm, and Market Chickens: A Cross Sectional Study in Nairobi County, Kenya | Chapter 9 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 11

Background: Antimicrobials are essential for human and animal health but need to be used cautiously. Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to both human and animal health. This is mainly because the same antimicrobial molecules are used for treating and prophylaxis of bacterial diseases in both cases, and about 60% of human pathogens are shared with animals. The effective control of AMR in any country, happens periodically through surveillance exercises. In Kenya, there is scanty data on the prevailing AMR situation, especially in animals.

 

Aim: This study determines the antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli Isolated from pooled samples of sick, farm, and market chickens in Nairobi county, Kenya.

 

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Nairobi County, Kenya. Isolation of E. coli was done by swab-inoculation onto MacConkey agar (Oxoid Ltd), followed by incubation at 37°C overnight. Organisms from lactose-fermenting (pink) colonies were phenotyped and confirmed as E. coli through Gram-staining, growth on Eosin Methylene Blue agar, and testing for motility and biochemical reactions, including Indole, Methyl red, Voges Proskauer, Citrate, Urease, and interpretation done using the criteria given in Bergey’s Manual of systemic bacteriology. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the Agar Disk Diffusion method using Mueller Hinton agar (Oxoid Ltd).

 

Results: This paper reports on AMR profiles of 54 E. coli strains isolated from chickens out of which 36 (72%) were from clinically ill chickens, 11 (22%) were from farm chickens, and 7 (9.7%) were from slaughtered chickens, respectively. All 54 isolates exhibited varying antimicrobial resistance profiles with the majority showing resistance to Ampicillin (85.22%), Tetracycline (66.7%), Co-trimoxazole (57.4%), and Streptomycin (40.7%). Very few isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Gentamicin (each at 3.7%), Ampicillin (11.1%), and Nalidixic acid (24.1%). A total of 44 (81.5%) showed multiple resistance to up to 6 antimicrobial agents.

 

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the widespread presence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in Kenyan chickens; most of them showing multi-drug resistances (2 to 6 antimicrobials). The number could have been even higher if more antimicrobials were tested.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tino A. Deng
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Lilly C. Bebora
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Mahacla O. Odongo
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.

Gerald M. Muchemi
Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 2905300625, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Samuel Karuki
Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 43640–00100, Nairobi, Kenya.

Peter K. Gathumi
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v11/4973

Current Pre-clinical Studies Related to Flavonoids: A Review| Chapter 1 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 7

 Cancer is a frightening question during the whole of the planet. Treatments for this affliction is costly and even carry aftereffects. Comorbidities customarily result with the malignancy victims. Recognizing novel approaches for healing will lessen comorbidities for helping cure this ailment. Extensive experimental research shows that polyphenols like flavonoids present in a variety of food carry pharmacological potential. Flavonoids are raise expected persuasive in ruling container era arrest, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and swelling and multi drug resistance in addition to few microscopic pathways that eventually bar the progress of the ailment. The current review is established the study of flavonoids that can be an active abstinence from food strategy for tumor inmates and can kill towards reconstructing human well-being.

Author(s) Details:

Kusum Sharma,
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India.

Veena Sharma,
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V7/article/view/9312