Antipyretic Activity Test of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Seed in White Male Mice (Mus musculus) |Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 5

 

The rambutan plant (Nephelium lappaceum L.) empirically contains flavonoids. Flavonoid has many kinds of bioactivity which function as antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects and can help reduce fevers. There have not been many studies conducted on rambutan seeds as a pain and fever reliever. Fever is a sign that the body is fighting infection or bacteria in the body, usually, the body temperature has increased greater than normal body temperature (> 37.2oC). The purpose of this study was to prove the antipyretic activity of rambutan seed extract against white male mice induced by the DPT-HB-Hib vaccine. This study used an experimental method which was divided into 5 treatment groups, namely, negative control of 1% Na CMC, positive control of paracetamol 1.3 mg/20 g BW of mice, and three groups of rambutan seed extract doses of 37.5 mg, 75 mg, and 150 mg/20 g BW mice. Fresh rambutan fruit was taken from Cikalang Tengah village, Tawang sub-district, Tasikmalaya City. Temperature measurements were carried out for 180 minutes with 30-minute intervals. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA test and LSD test. ANOVA test results for 180 minutes obtained p-value = 0.035, which means that there is a significant difference in temperature reduction in the five treatment groups, while the LSD test results for 180 minutes, the most effective dose is dose II of 75 mg/20 g BW in mice compared to other doses and did not have a significant difference with the positive control (paracetamol) because it had a comparable effect in reducing fever temperature in mice (Mus musculus). The dose III for 150mg/BW has an effectiveness rate of 98.11%. The highest antipyretic effectiveness falls to dose II for 75 mg/20g BW (98.58%), and the results are statistically significant.

 

Author(s) Details

Nitya Nurul Fadilah
Pharmacy Study Program, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia.

Ali Nofriyaldi
Pharmacy Study Program, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia.

Suna Agustine Junaedi
Pharmacy Study Program, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v5/1305

The Importance of Activation of the Pineal Gland: An Update | Chapter 9 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology, that was first described in 1936, is the study of the interplays between the psyche, affecting animate nerve organs and endocrine functions and immune answers. The aim of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology is to ask medical knowledge to the situation of different hypersensitive, immune, autoimmune, rheumatic, neoplastic, endocrine, cardiovascular and dental pathologies, with other disorders. Epigenetic determinants and major stresses from various types of stimuli acting through distinct pathways and neurotransmitters are well involved in changing the psychoneuroimmunoendocrine axis, developing in the emergence of disease. We communicate the signal SOS: Save our Souls when there is hazard at sea. Why the souls, you request? We are our souls, even though the body is rot, hence they are more significant than the crowd. The hormone glands in the intellect, particularly the pineal gland, are important for this. They face significant risks now. We endure thus see what we can do to preserve and fill these priceless organelles. In conditions of psychoneuroendocrinology as well as for our piety and connection to the soul, our intellect glands, particularly the pineal gland, are critical. Today, there are plenty issues and dangers that we need to be aware of. We are not at the kindness of this, on account of the numerous therapies and remedies that are convenient.

Author(s) Details:

Manfred Doepp,
Head of Holistic Center, 13 Haupt St., Abtwil 9030, Switzerland.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V9/article/view/12257

Analyzing the Impact of Long-Lasting Changes Neurodegeneration and Role of Nutriention among Various Age Groups | Chapter 15 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

 The process of digestive programming in the hypothalamus is established the several genes that regulated the metabolic process conditional the hypothalamus. Studies conducted earlier reported  that the verbalization of genes that can be changed apiece restriction of perinatal protein are occasionally involved in the metabolic processes regulation. The bioinformatics study of the study indicated that the limit of perinatal protein alters the expression of two deoxyribonucleic acid clusters that are responsible for regulating prevailing cellular methods. The first cluster of gene holds several gatekeeper genes that are guide the regulation of vitamin sensing and insulin indicating. On the other hand, the second cluster of gene contains a working network of co-regulators and basic receptors of transcription responsible for the use and discovery of lipid nutrients as fuel. In this phase indicated that skilled will be increase risks of acquiring diseases on account of irregular consumption of diet. These dangers contain an increased risk of diseases like liver anomalies, hypertension, lipid deposition, and so forth. It has also happened analysed in the present study that the energy equilibrium and nutrient believing controlled by the hypothalamus maybe affected by the perinatal protein limit which can result in the long-lasting changes in the various metabolic pathways.

Author(s) Details:

Reem Falah Alshammari,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Ebtehaj Saud Almughais,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Reem Ayed Alshammari,
Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia.

Fatima Fahad Alreshidi,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Abeer Hassan Elhaj,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Hind Naif Alshammari,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Muath Naif Mubark Alzughaibi,
Medical Graduate, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Rashid Dhaher Alshammari,
Medical Graduate, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Fahmida Khatoon,
Biochemistry Department,College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia.

Abrar Ali,
Department of Opthalmology, College of Medicine, Hail University, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V3/article/view/9880

Analyzing the Impact of Long-Lasting Changes Neurodegeneration and Role of Nutriention among Various Age Groups | Chapter 15 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

 The process of digestive programming in the hypothalamus is established the several genes that regulated the metabolic process conditional the hypothalamus. Studies conducted earlier reported that the verbalization of genes that can be changed for one restriction of perinatal protein are commonly involved in the metabolic processes regulation. The bioinformatics reasoning of the study indicated that the limit of perinatal protein alters the expression of two deoxyribonucleic acid clusters that are responsible for regulating prevalent cellular systems. The first cluster of gene holds several gatekeeper genes that are guide the regulation of mineral sensing and insulin indicating. On the other hand, the second cluster of gene contains a working network of co-regulators and basic receptors of transcription responsible for the use and discovery of lipid nutrients as fuel. In this stage indicated that skilled will be increase risks of acquiring diseases on account of irregular consumption of diet. These dangers contain an increased risk of diseases like liver irregularities, hypertension, lipid deposition, and so forth. It has also happened analysed in the present study that the energy equilibrium and nutrient discerning controlled by the hypothalamus maybe affected by the perinatal protein limit which grant permission result in the long-lasting changes in the various metabolic pathways.

Author(s) Details:

Reem Falah Alshammari,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Ebtehaj Saud Almughais,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Reem Ayed Alshammari,
Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia.

Fatima Fahad Alreshidi,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Abeer Hassan Elhaj,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Hind Naif Alshammari,
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, KSA.

Muath Naif Mubark Alzughaibi,
Medical Graduate, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Rashid Dhaher Alshammari,
Medical Graduate, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Fahmida Khatoon,
Biochemistry Department,College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia.

Abrar Ali,
Department of Opthalmology, College of Medicine, Hail University, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V3/article/view/9880

Chronic Angiotensin II (AngII) – Induced Hypertension is Attenuated by Overexpression of Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in the Median Preoptic Nucleus | Chapter 08 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Angiotensin II (AngII) can reach the brain through circumventricular organs (CVOs), such as the subfornical organ (SFO) and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, to control blood pressure (OVLT). We wanted to see if elevated amounts of superoxide in the OVLT play a role in AngII's hypertensive effects. To allow superoxide dismutase overexpression, adenoviral vectors carrying human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) or control adenovirus (AdEmpty) were injected directly into the OVLT of rats. Rats were administered AngII (10 ng/kg/min) intravenously for ten days after three days of saline infusion. After 10 days, AdEmpty rats (n = 6) had a blood pressure rise of 33 8 mmHg, whereas rats overexpressing CuZnSOD (n = 8) in the OVLT had a blood pressure increase of just 18 5 mmHg Infusion of AngII. These findings back up the idea that excessive OVLT production plays a role in the development of persistent AngII-dependent hypertension. The brain is thought to perceive circulating angiotensin II (AngII) levels through circumventricular organs like the subfornical organ (SFO) and adjust sympathetic nervous system output accordingly. However, the cellular signalling pathways involved in these interactions remain unclear. We investigated if an underlying mechanism in the long-term hypertensive consequences of chronic AngII is overproduction of intracellular superoxide in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO). Adenoviral vectors carrying human CuZnSOD (AdCuZnSOD) or a control vector (AdEmpty) were directly injected into the MnPO of rats equipped with aorta telemetric transmitters for arterial pressure measurement. Rats were administered AngII (10 ng/kg/min) intravenously for ten days after a three-day saline infusion control period. In the MnPO, rats overexpressing CuZnSOD (n = 7) had after ten days of AngII infusion, blood pressure increased only 6 2 mmHg, but blood pressure increased 21 4 mmHg in AdEmpty-infected rats (n = 9). These results support the idea that MnPO production contributes to the development of chronic AngII-dependent hypertension.

Author(S) Details

John P. Collister
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Mitch Bellrichard
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Donna Drebes
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

David Nahey
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Jun Tian
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.

Matthew C. Zimmerman
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V9/article/view/6903

Overexpression of Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in the Organum Vasculosum of the Lamina Terminalis (OVLT) Attenuates Chronic Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in the Rat | Chapter 07 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Angiotensin II (AngII) can reach the brain through circumventricular organs (CVOs), such as the subfornical organ (SFO) and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, to control blood pressure (OVLT). We wanted to see if elevated amounts of superoxide in the OVLT play a role in AngII's hypertensive effects. To allow superoxide dismutase overexpression, adenoviral vectors carrying human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) or control adenovirus (AdEmpty) were injected directly into the OVLT of rats. Rats were administered AngII (10 ng/kg/min) intravenously for ten days after three days of saline infusion. After 10 days, AdEmpty rats (n = 6) had a blood pressure rise of 33 8 mmHg, whereas rats overexpressing CuZnSOD (n = 8) in the OVLT had a blood pressure increase of just 18 5 mmHg Infusion of AngII. These findings back up the idea that excessive OVLT production plays a role in the development of persistent AngII-dependent hypertension.

Author(S) Details

John P. Collister
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Heather Taylor-Smith
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Donna Drebes
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

David Nahey
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Jun Tian
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.

Matthew C. Zimmerman
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V9/article/view/6902