Estimation of Chromium (III) in Tannery Effluents: A Solvent Extraction Study | chapter 9 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 6

This present study aimed to highlight the extraction of Cr (III) by using different extraction systems. Limited work has been reported on the liquid-liquid extraction of chromium (III) due to its relatively poor extractability and its inertness, unlike other transition metals. The extraction of chromium (III) from hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric, and perchloric acid solutions with Tributylphosphine Oxide (TBPO) in chloroform has been studied. The extractions from nitric, hydrochloric, and sulphuric acid solutions are nearly quantitative (99%) and are partial from perchloric acid solutions. The optimum conditions were evaluated by varying the experimental conditions such as pH (5.0), shaking period, concentration of metal ion, Tributylphosphine oxide (0.025M), anion, and various diluents (maximum efficiency,99% obtained with chloroform) on the extraction. The extracted species are identified as containing 3 moles of TBPO. The effect of other metal ions both in presence and absence resulted in achieving an expected outcome.

 

Author (s) Details

A. V. L. N. S. H. Hariharan
Department of Chemistry, GSS, GITAM University, Visakhaptnam-530 045, AP, India.

 

D Santhi Priya
Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Gajapatinagaram, Vizianagaram Dt., AP, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v6/2362

Oxidation of 4-Methylbenzyl Alcohol by In-situ Generated Hypochlorous Acid Using NaCl AS Electro Catalytic Mediator: A Novel Biphasic Electrolysis Method Approach | Chapter 8 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 9

 The objective of the investigation is two-fold Procedure. Firstly to study the indirect electrochemical discriminating oxidation of 4-methylbenzylalcohol by biphasic electrolysis to receive optimum operation environments, and secondly to get reliable data on yields and discrimination of the corresponding limits.  Many electro-organic protocols devote effort to something the use of a three-electrode arrangement for constant potential conditions. Although these exploratory setups offer the possibility of attaining the selectivity of desired metamorphosis by specific adaptation of the electric potential, they exhibit significant difficulties over a constant current two-terminal setup.On an undivided cup-type cell, growth studies were carried out.  The various 4- methylbenzyl intoxicating parameters doing the reactions, such as current bulk, mediator, acid, and fit, have been investigated. A corresponding study was conducted for the synthetic and electrochemical methods.Under biphasic electrolysis, the chloride-containing judge produced 96% of the requested 4-methylbenzaldehyde. The existence of High Quality of the Yield is confirmed by HPLC study. Scheme 2 depicts the likely device for the chloride oxidation system. The biphasic electrolysis process has several benefits, including easy amount separation, a natural work-up, room temperature backlash conditions, and the strength to reuse the electrolyte. The reactions are completed activity under mild environments using a simple electrochemical arrangement and offer several benefits such as the absence of subordinate products, reduced production costs, high adaptation and yield.

Author(s) Details:

A. John Bosco,
Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.

U. Jeyapaul,
Department of Chemistry, ST. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.

M. Easuraja,
Department of Chemistry, Arulanadar College (Autonomous), Karumathur, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V9/article/view/10173

Molecular Docking Studies of Active Phytochemicals from Leaf Extracts of Pseuderanthemum bicolor (SIMS) Radik with Alpha-amylase Inhibition Potential| Chapter 6 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 2

 Pseuderanthemum bicolor usually called limang-sugat owned by the family Acanthaceae. Leaves of P.bicolor were extracted accompanying methanol, kill and ethyl acetate. The extracts were subjected for beginning-amylase inhibition assay and hooking up study using GC-MS analysis result. Leaf extracts were willing by decoction arrangement and have been judged for alpha-amylase restriction assay and protein-ligand docking study against alpha-amylase protein. Among the three various extracts most significant substance causing chemicals to split into simpler substances inhibition was accompanied by ethyl acetate extract with maximal inhibition of 43.1% at 1mg/ml concentration. The remark drug acarbose revealed 96% hindrance at 0.5mg/ml concentration. The big bioactive compounds obtained from intoxicating, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were 1,6;2,3-Dianhydro-4-Deoxy-Beta-D-Ribo-Hexopyranose, Pseduosarsasapogenin-5,20-Dien,Methyl Ether/ Hexatriacontane, Di-N-Decylsulfone/Octadecanal, Squalene respectively. A total of 19 subordinate metabolites were tested for protein-ligand berthing against alpha-amylase protein, accompanying the reference drug acarbose professed a binding energy of -7.8 Kcal/mol and forming 20 hydrogen bonds accompanying the enzyme. Among the 19 test ligands, ‘2,2-Dibromocholestanone’from ethyl acetate extract personified highest separation energy of -9.3 Kcal/mol. The next highest extraordinary inhibition was showed by ‘Pseduosarsasapogenin-5,20-Dien Methyl Ether’ present in the intoxicating extract, with a separation energy of -9.3 Kcal/mol with the establishment of 2 hydrogen bonds. From the result it could be decided  that  the P. bicolor contain effective  bioactive  compounds, needs further research on pharmacological facets to develop a novel drugs.

Author(s) Details:

B. S. Ramesh,
Department of Botany, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V2/article/view/8888

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of Chloroform Inhalation as a Method of Euthanasia on the Cerebellum and Hippocampus of Adult Wistar Rats | Chapter 9 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

 In Nigeria, chloroform inhalation is a frequent method of rodent killing for study. The purpose of this study is to see how this form of sacrifice affects the cerebellum and hippocampus of Wistar rats. Twenty male Wistar rats, weighing 160 to 180 grammes, were separated into four groups, each with five rats. The control group, Group A, was sacrificed by cervical dislocation (a widely acceptable non-inhalation method of sacrifice). Groups B, C, and D were given 5 minutes of chloroform once a day (group B), twice a day for two days, and three times a day for three days. Four brains from each group were processed for antioxidant assays, and one brain from each group was preserved in Bouin's fluid for histological examinations. Our findings reveal that inhaling chloroform had a dose-dependent negative impact on the antioxidant parameters investigated. That is, as the number of days increased, the negative effect became more pronounced. The histology findings confirmed this, with indications of cell necrosis in the cerebellum and hippocampus regions. This, too, demonstrated dosage dependence. As a result of our findings, we believe that chloroform inhalation is not the method of choice for rat death while investigating brain tissues or conducting brain-related research. As a result, chloroform sedation is not an appropriate method of rat sacrifice for experimental reasons, especially for investigating the rat brain.

Author (s) Details

Aguwa Ugochukwu Samuel
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.

Okeke Somadina Nnamdi
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.

Ezejindu Darmian Nnabuihe
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.

Eze Chinyere Elizabeth
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.

Azurunwa Ogechi
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Madonna University Nigeria, Nigeria.

Obinwa Benedict Nzube
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.

Ovie Ogbo. Felix
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Madonna University Nigeria, Nigeria.

Obi Kelvin Chukwuemeka
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

Onwuelingo Sopuru
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Madonna University Nigeria, Nigeria.

Okonkwo David
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Madonna University Nigeria, Nigeria.

Doris Ogbuokiri
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.

Okeke Chijioke
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V4/article/view/1501