Formulation of a Single Selective Culture Medium for the Enumeration of Lactic Streptococci and Lactobacilli from Fermented Milk Products | Chapter 8 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 8

 

Background: Lactic acid bacteria are among the most important groups of microorganisms used in food fermentation. Enumeration of mixed lactic flora like lactic streptococci and lactobacilli may be difficult using a single culture medium.

 

Aims: The present study is focused on formulating a single selective differential medium for the enumeration of mixed lactic flora such as lactic streptococci and lactobacilli in domestic and market fermented milk products.

 

Methodology: In order to enumerate lactic streptococci and lactobacilli in a mixed flora of fermented milk, the formulation of a single selective medium was optimized using inhibitors and indicators instead of a separate selective medium for lactic streptococci and lactobacilli. The present study was conducted in the Department of Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Science College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bengaluru-24, Karnataka from February 2020 to February 2021. Fermented milk samples like curd, and yoghurt were collected, serially diluted, and pour-plated using Readymade M17 and MRS agar media and formulated selective yeast glucose agar medium. Lactic colonies obtained were enumerated, expressed as log10cfu/g, and the critical difference was calculated to declare significance and non-significance among the microbial parameters.

 

Results: Readymade M17 and MRS agar media gave better recovery of viable cells of lactic streptococci and lactobacilli from market samples of curd, yoghurt, and domestic curd samples. The study helped to convert a general-purpose medium yeast glucose agar as a selective differential medium with the addition of calcium propionate of 0.8 per cent to avoid Bacillus spore formers and sodium benzoate of 1.2 per cent to inhibit yeast, the common contaminants in fermented milk with 0.05 per cent BCP that led to the formation of purple colonies of lactic streptococci and yellow colonies of lactobacilli.

 

Conclusion: The readymade medium for lactic streptococci M17 agar medium gave better results when compared to the formulated medium. The selective yeast glucose agar with 0.8 per cent and sodium benzoate of 1.2 per cent with 0.05 per cent BCP with purple colonies of lactic streptococci and yellow colonies of lactobacilli can be successfully used. This study verified the enumeration of mixed lactic flora in fermented milk products instead of M17 medium for lactic streptococci and MRS for lactobacilli, separately.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Gopal S.

GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Shashikumar C. S.

Department of Dairy Technology, Dairy Science College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.

Yadav S. K.

TSDDCF Ltd., Shadnagar Dairy, Shadnagar – 509216, Ranga Reddy District, Telangana State, India.

Prabha R.

Department of Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Science College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru-24, Karnataka, India

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpafs/v8/1522

Formulation of a Single Selective Culture Medium for the Enumeration of Lactic Streptococci and Lactobacilli from Fermented Milk Products | Chapter 8 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 8

Background: Lactic acid bacteria are among the most important groups of microorganisms used in food fermentation. Enumeration of mixed lactic flora like lactic streptococci and lactobacilli may be difficult using a single culture medium.

Aims: The present study is focused on formulating a single selective differential medium for the enumeration of mixed lactic flora such as lactic streptococci and lactobacilli in domestic and market fermented milk products.

Methodology: In order to enumerate lactic streptococci and lactobacilli in a mixed flora of fermented milk, the formulation of a single selective medium was optimized using inhibitors and indicators instead of a separate selective medium for lactic streptococci and lactobacilli. The present study was conducted in the Department of Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Science College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bengaluru-24, Karnataka from February 2020 to February 2021. Fermented milk samples like curd, and yoghurt were collected, serially diluted, and pour-plated using Readymade M17 and MRS agar media and formulated selective yeast glucose agar medium. Lactic colonies obtained were enumerated, expressed as log10cfu/g, and the critical difference was calculated to declare significance and non-significance among the microbial parameters.

Results: Readymade M17 and MRS agar media gave better recovery of viable cells of lactic streptococci and lactobacilli from market samples of curd, yoghurt, and domestic curd samples. The study helped to convert a general-purpose medium yeast glucose agar as a selective differential medium with the addition of calcium propionate of 0.8 per cent to avoid Bacillus spore formers and sodium benzoate of 1.2 per cent to inhibit yeast, the common contaminants in fermented milk with 0.05 per cent BCP that led to the formation of purple colonies of lactic streptococci and yellow colonies of lactobacilli.

Conclusion: The readymade medium for lactic streptococci M17 agar medium gave better results when compared to the formulated medium. The selective yeast glucose agar with 0.8 per cent and sodium benzoate of 1.2 per cent with 0.05 per cent BCP with purple colonies of lactic streptococci and yellow colonies of lactobacilli can be successfully used. This study verified the enumeration of mixed lactic flora in fermented milk products instead of M17 medium for lactic streptococci and MRS for lactobacilli, separately.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mr. Gopal S. (PhD Scholar),
GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

 

Dr. Shashikumar C. S. (Assistant Professor),
Department of Dairy Technology, Dairy Science College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.

 

Dr. Shashikumar C. S. (Assistant Professor),
Department of Dairy Technology, Dairy Science College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.

 

Dr. Shashikumar C. S. (Assistant Professor),
Department of Dairy Technology, Dairy Science College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpafs/v8/1522

Simulation of Yeast Fermentation Process Using Kinetic Unstructured Models| Chapter 1 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

 The forming of biological methods is a very interesting field that presents an extremely sensitive task because, different physics, there are no acknowledged and universally acknowledged laws characterizing the progress of the biological phantasms. The main objective of this affiliate is to name the modeling of yeast effervescence process using few unstructured analytical models. An experimental application has existed made utilizing the yeast P. caribbica as an power for the bioconversion of inulin into bioethonol which is deliberate as potential substitute for fossil fuels. The bioethanol collection fermentation of P. caribbica strain was completed activity in flasks and bioreactor (20L); under optimal environments of ethanol result (40 g/L of inulin, 4g/L of yeast extract and 4g/L of peptone pH 5 and 37°C). The production of intoxicating has reached subsequently 72h, 12.6 g/L in flasks (our previous study) and 14g/L in bioreactor environments. Furthermore, for inulinase (the enzyme that catalyzes the shame of inulin) production, significant amounts have happened found afterwards 96h in the bioreactor (20L), reaching 55.47 IU/mL (This fining was pictorial for the first time in our work). The adequacy of the three numerical models, i.e., the logistic equating for growth; the Luedeking- Piret equating for ethanol result; and modified Leudeking- Piret model for substrate consumption has existed proven in the case of the in flasks effervescence experiment whose the results obtained were nearly the same distinguished to those found in the bioreactor (20L) fermentation process. In conclusion, the same sited unorganized mathematical models maybe used to predict the fermentation process in a bioreactor (20L).

Author(s) Details:

Mounira Kara Ali,
Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l’Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), M’hamed Bougara Boumerdes University, Alger, Algeria.

Asma Ait Kaki,
Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l’Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), M’hamed Bougara Boumerdes University, Alger, Algeria.

Noreddine Kacem Chaouche,
Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l’Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM) Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V2/article/view/9217

Clinico-Mycological Profile of Onychomycosis: A Study from North-Western, India | Chapter 10 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails that lasts for years. The clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis must be supported by direct microscopy and culture in order to identify the specific pathogen and effectively select antifungal treatment. The study's purpose was to find out how common onychomycosis is, as well as its cultural implications, in relation to many etiological elements.

Introduction: The most prevalent pathogens that cause onychomycosis are dermatophytes, however yeasts and non-dermatophyte moulds can also cause the disease.

Nail clippings from 90 clinically suspected cases of onchomycosis were obtained from the O.P.D. at the S.M.S. and E.S.I.C. hospitals in Jaipur. Trauma, infection, occupation, diabetes, and personal habits (smoking, for example) were all investigated exhaustively. The diagnosis was made utilising direct microscopy and a 20 percent KOH examination method, as well as fungal culture on SDA and Dermatophyte Test Media.

Out of 90 patients with onychomycosis, 80 (88.9%) tested positive for KOH, whereas 33 (36.7%) tested positive in culture. In this study, dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes, and yeasts were identified as etiological agents of onychomycosis. A prevalent kind of onychomycosis was discovered in patients with distal subungual onchomycosis. The most common species among culture positive cases was Trichophyton rubrum, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophyte and Trichophyton tonsurans. White superficial onychomycosis also yielded non-dermatophyte moulds, while Candida onychomycosis yielded Candida species. The majority of patients in our study were between the ages of 41 and 60, with males being the most commonly affected. According to the study, service class and sportsmen were the most common onychomycosis patients, followed by labourers, housewives, jobless, students, and farmers.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is possible to conclude that onychomycosis is a major public health concern, and that accurate diagnosis of onychomycosis using direct microscopy and fungal culture is essential for proper treatment.

Author(S) Details

Richa Sharma
Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Jaipur, India.

Richa Saxena
Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly (U.P.), India.

E. Rajni Sabharwal
Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Jaipur, India.

Ved Prakash Mamoria
Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Jaipur, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V13/article/view/5031

Yeast as a Versatile System for the Expression of Heterologous Proteins | Chapter 5 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

 Because of its simplicity of genetic manipulation, faster generation time, availability of integrative and episomal vectors, and promoters that can be simply turned on and off using simple chemical moieties, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely employed for heterologous protein production. Furthermore, as the simplest eukaryote, it has various benefits in the expression of mammalian proteins, such as post-translational modifications and the expression of membrane-bound proteins. The development of a strain for the production of membrane bound human drug metabolism enzymes is described in this article.

Author (S) Details

Rajeev Soni
Technical Operations, Genei Laboratories (a Rivaara Company), Bangalore, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V1/article/view/3763

Studies on Superficial Fungal Infections in ESRD Patients over the Past 16 Years | Chapter 3 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 Background: The rising prevalence of end-stage renal disease is a global public health issue that affects millions of people around the world. It's worth noting that anywhere from 50% to 100% of people in this population have been found to have at least one dermatological condition. We looked at patients with end-stage renal disease who had acquired superficial fungal infections in this study.

Methods and Results: From January 2000 to June 2016, we analysed 2112 patients with end-stage renal disease who were on haemodialysis at least three times a week for at least three months at our facility. We detected 1500 suspected cases of superficial fungal infections among the above 2112 patients, and 1040 cultures tested positive. Tinea capitis, 28.8% Pityriasis versicolor, 16.7% Tinea corporis, 5.3 percent Tinea mannum, 32.4 percent Onychomycosis, 13.5 percent Tinea cruris, and 3.1 percent Tinea pedis were found on macroscopic inspection of the scalp, skin, and nails. Trichyopyton rubrum was found to be 29.1%, Trychophyton mentagrophyte was 22.9 percent, Trychophyton violaceum was 5.1 percent, Trichophyton verrucosum was 0.9 percent, Microsporum canis was 0.1 percent, Epidermophyton flucossum was 3.1 percent, Trychophyton tonsurans was 3.1 percent, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was 6.9%, and Malassezia was 28 Onychomycosis was the most common clinical abnormality, and Trichophyton rubrum was the most common fungal isolate.

Conclusion: Superficial mycoses are common all over the world. The current study shows that a significant number of patients with end-stage renal disease have a high prevalence of superficial fungal infection. As a result, early detection of skin lesions and identification of these superficial fungal infections alerts us to begin early and judicious management in order to reduce associated morbidity and thus improve the quality of life in the said patients.

Author (s) Details

Upma Narain
Tejas Microdiagnostics, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Arvind Gupta
Division of Nephrology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMB-V5/article/view/866

Storage of Yeasts | Chapter 7 | Current Research Trends in Biological Science Vol.4

 

Several methods have been used in the storage of yeasts. Traditional methods and low technology
methods were done to compare the viability of yeasts during storage. The shelf life is limited during
storage of yeasts on petri dishes or slants in the refrigerator. Sub culturing should be done after 3
months. The yeast cultures did not lose viability for six months when stored under distilled water. It is
a very cheap method. Yeast cultures stored under mineral oil remained viable for more than a year.

Author (s) Details

Ms. Nirmala Ravimannan
Department of Botany, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern province, Sri Lanka.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/268