Colorenal Fistula after Renal Tumour Cryotherapy: A Case Report | Chapter 8 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 11

Introduction: The incidence of renal cell carcinoma has been increasing in recent years. The primary techniques for the treatment of these tumours are cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, and microwave ablation. Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous cryoablation is increasingly utilized for renal cell carcinoma. Bowel injury is a known complication but is extremely rare. This study presents a rare case of colorenal fistula after cryoablation of a left renal tumour.

Presentation of Case: A 58-year-old man with no significant history was diagnosed with left renal carcinoma A left renal tumour was incidentally found on an abdominal CT examination performed for a slight increase in transaminases. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a 31 × 32-mm solid, well-defined, cortical tumour at the lower pole of his left kidney. The patient was asymptomatic and had no distant metastasis. The decision was made to treat the tumour with percutaneous cryoablation, with a good response to the technique. Two months later, the patient had recurrent urinary tract infections and pneumaturia. In the absence of improvement with antibiotic treatment, CT was performed and revealed a fistula connecting the descending colon and renal parenchyma. The decision was made to perform surgery to repair the defect caused by percutaneous cryotherapy. The patient recovered from surgery and was discharged with no complications.

Discussion: To reduce the adverse effects of radical or partial nephrectomy and preserve renal function, percutaneous ablation techniques have been developed. Internal injury is a known complication and it is particularly common in cases of renal tumours located in the upper and anterior kidney. The diagnosis is based on symptoms and imaging. Most colorenal fistulas have been treated conservatively with good results.

Conclusion: Cryoablation of renal tumours is a safe, low-risk procedure, but recurrent urinary tract infections and pneumaturia may indicate a colorenal fistula, with conservative treatment preferred and surgery reserved for persistent cases. If possible, conservative medical treatment should be used,

reserving surgery for complicated or persistent colorenal fistulas.

 

Author (s) Details

Andoni Alaba Sorabilla
Department of General Surgery, Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain.

 

Julia Pelayo Rodríguez
Department of General Surgery, Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain.

 

Oihan Loidi Lázaro-Carrasco
Department of General Surgery, Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain.

 

Rubén Gonzalo González
Department of General Surgery, Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain.

 

Berta Martín Rivas

Department of General Surgery, Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain.

 

José Manuel Gutiérrez Cabezas
Department of General Surgery, Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v11/2520

Incidence and Management of Fungal Urinary Tract Infection in Burn Patients | Chapter 10 |Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 10

Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common hospital-acquired infection. UTIs are infections of the urethra (urethritis), bladder (cystitis), or kidney (pyelonephritis). It is among the most common infections worldwide, with substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Fungal species are unusual causes of urinary tract infection in healthy individuals, but are common in the hospital setting or among patients with predisposing diseases and structural abnormalities of the kidney and collecting system. Burn patients are susceptible to nosocomial infections owing to the immunocompromising effects of burn injury, cutaneous and respiratory tract injury, prolonged intensive care unit stays and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.

 

Objective: The study aims to determine the prevalence of fungal urinary tract infection, the most common fungal species, and possible risk factors that may increase the occurrence of infection in burn patients.

 

Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 150 selected burn patients attending the Medical City Burn Centre in Baghdad from February 2015 to January 2017 was conducted. The study population includes adult patients of both genders who presented with different percentages of body burns. Urine sample was collected from each patient at the time of admission and weekly thereafter for 6 weeks and sent for general urine examination and urine culture to test for the possibility of fungal growth. Those who were found to develop fungal UTI by urine culture during their hospitalisation and had no infection at the time of admission were selected as subjects for our study. Informed consent was obtained from each participant before sample collection. Data on patient demographics, underlying diseases, previous and concurrent infections, antibiotic and immunosuppressive therapy, urinalysis results, urinary tract instrumentation, and duration of hospitalisation were collected from patients.

 

Results: 28 (18.6%) patients had positive fungal culture during their hospitalisation, 11 of them were males and 17 were females, the most common age of presentation was 41-50 years and the mean age ± SD was (44.4 ± 10.7) years. The most common isolated fungi were Candida albicans (64.3%), followed by Candida glabrata (21.4%) and Candida tropicalis (7.1%). The majority of patients developed infection within the 2nd and 3rd weeks of hospitalisation, however, those who presented with total body surface area burned > 40% developed an earlier infection within the 1st week. Female gender, urethral catheterisation and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with higher risk of infection as the P values were 0.03, 0.005 and 0.004, respectively. In burn patients' management, infection with systemic sepsis is the most important consideration. This systemic sepsis resulting from invasive infection remains the most common cause of high mortality rates among patients with major body burns.

 

Conclusion: Fungal urinary tract infection occurred in 18.6% of burn patients. The most common causative fungi are Candida species. Advanced age, female gender, high percentage of body burn, urethral catheterisation and diabetes mellitus were identified as the most common risk factors of such infection.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Suad Yousuf Aldorkee
Department of Pathological Analysis Technology, Ibn Hayan University College, Iraq.

Mohammed F. Al. Jawed
Department of Pathological Analysis Technology, Ibn Hayan University College, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v10/5261

 

Unveiling Excellence in Healthcare: The Imperative of CAUTI Rate Surveillance | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 This unit evaluates the CAUTI rate and the predominant structures in the hospital with their susceptibleness patterns. Catheter-associated urinary lot infection (CAUTI) is a prevalent healthcare-mixed infection that influences various parts of the urinary system, containing the urethra, bladder, ureters, and sort. CAUTIs account for up to 40% of all fitness-related contaminations and are the most common type of contamination after catheterization, accompanying a rate of 1.41 per 1000 catheter days. It is estimated that 4% of patients accompanying bacteriuria will eventually cultivate clinically significant bacteriuria, resulting in a dying rate of 13-30%. The risk of acquiring bacteriuria increases over opportunity after catheterization, with a constantly risk ranging from 3% to 10%.To gain understandings into the prevalence of CAUTIs and the susceptibility patterns of creatures, a study was conducted in a 330-bed after second care teaching hospital in Hyderabad, South India. The study directed on five intensive care parts (ICUs) and healing wards catering to various surgical and healing specialties. Over a ending of 24 months, 1258 cases of Foley's catheterization were followed up. The cases were confirmed established the NABH Standards and Centers for Affliction Control and Prevention guidelines. Consumed the 1258 catheterized individuals, 46 cases of CAUTI were habitual, with 29 cases in 2018 and 17 cases in 2019. The most accepted isolate was Escherichia coli, giving reason for 41.86% of the cases. The isolates exhibited reduced susceptibleness to other urinary medicines and resistance to cotrimoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and second and third-era cephalosporins.It is crucial to prevent unnecessary catheter insertion as it can bring about increased patient expenses, longer hospital stays, and bigger morbidity rates. In cases place Foley catheter insertion is necessary, it is owned by follow sterile precautions during the insert process and remove the catheter as early as possible. Additionally, fitness worker preparation and surveillance by contamination control teams play a significant part in improving practices and lowering infections.Timely instruction about CAUTI, as well as added complications of urinary catheterization and alternatives to constitutional catheters, is crucial. Constant education and training of well-being workers, in addition to monitoring by infection control crews, are vital in reconstructing practices and reducing the incidence of contaminations.CAUTI is a significant healthcare burden, accompanying high rates of antibiotic fighting. Preventive measures, to a degree avoiding unnecessary catheter insert and implementing contamination control practices, can help reduce morbidity, ward stays, and patient costs. By raising knowledge and providing education, healthcare professionals can cause the prevention and administration of CAUTIs effectively.

Author(s) Details:

Lakshmi Jyothi Tadi,
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri Dist, Telangana-508126, India.

Shazia Naaz Sharfuddin,
Department of Microbiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Sanatnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V6/article/view/12644

Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Childhood Urinary Tract Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh| Chapter 2 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 This study was initiated to see the dispassionate and laboratory sketch of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in minors accompanying paediatric person being treated for medical problem area (OPD) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka.  Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) implies the ghost of energetically increasing creatures in the urinary lot. Prompt diagnosis and early introduction of appropriate medicines in infants lower the morbidities guide UTI.This cross-sectional practical study was attended at CMH Dhaka from June 2015 to May 2016. This study contained 120 youngsters old 0 months to 12 age who bestowed to a paediatric OPD accompanying syndromes of doubtful UTI. Urine reasoning, including microscopy and civilization nervousness, was acted on all of the youngsters. Other relevant workups were also achieved. Clinical and lab descriptions were got and written in case record form following recruitment.The overall chief number of cases was inside the group of same status of 0 to 5 age (62.5%). The most common dispassionate performance was turmoil (64.2%). Common risk determinants were wiping the organs area from back (91.7%), uneven anthelminthic consumption (70.8%), consumption of incompetent drinking water (51.7%), occasional voiding clothing (37.5%) and muscle spasm (32.5%). Patients bearing prior urethral instrumentation and uncircumcised fellows had a considerably bigger rate of UTI. Among all excretion reasonings 75% of urine samples disclosed pyuria. Urine civilization was helpful in 58 (48.3%) of the issues, accompanying Escherichia coli being the most usually unique structure (62%). Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin were intensely poisonous to prevailing organisms. In 17.5% of cases, ultrasonography (USG) of the whole midriff told anomalous verdicts. In 25% of cases, there was a extreme Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and neutrophilic leukocytosis.This study found that UTI was more ordinary in women and youngsters under the age of five. The most common manifestation was delirium, and uncircumcised lads had a considerably bigger rate of UTI. The most common unique structure was Escherichia coli, but it was opposing to usually secondhand antibiotics to a degree Amoxycillin and Cephalosporines. Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin maybe secondhand tentatively for UTI situation in the outdoor background of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka later shipping excretion idea and sensitivity. Thus, medicine use in UTIs bear be standardized in accordance with the structure’s sensitivity.

Author(s) Details:

Nazme Nure Ishrat,
Paediatric Department, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Ramu Cantonment, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh.

Ahsan Md. Rezwanul,
Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Bangladesh.

Jalil Farhana,
Paediatric Department and Paediatric Nephrology, Combined Military Hospital, Chattogram Cantonment, Bangladesh.

Fatema Nurun Nahar,
Paediatric Department and Paediatric Cardiology, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka Cantonment, Bangladesh.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V7/article/view/9430

Incidence of Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Niger-State, North Central Nigeria: A Retrospective Study | Chapter 7 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 The aim of this study was to use the gold standard of culture to establish the bacteriological aetiology and incidence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), as well as antibacterial susceptibility trends, among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Federal Medical Centre in Bida, Niger-State.

Data from pregnant women who attended regular antenatal clinics between January 2010 and December 2012 were collected from the Medical Microbiology Department Registry. Mid-stream urine samples were obtained from 1242 pregnant women aged 15 to 54 years old.

Pregnant women suspected of having UTIs had their samples taken in sterile disposable universal bottles at their first antenatal appointment. The data was coded, computed, and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0, with p values of 0.05 considered statistically important.

Our analysis showed that 46.1 percent of 1242 pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 54 in this sample had a UTI, which was statistically significant (p = 0.046, with a mean age of 30.92 years and a standard deviation of 5.46). Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen (60 percent), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (28.3 percent ). Nitrofurantoin and Gentamycin were both prone to Escherichia coli (61.4 percent and 51.5 percent, respectively).

Conclusion: This study found that 46.1 percent of urinary tract infections were caused by uropathogens, which is cause for concern among the general public. As a result, antenatal clinics should screen pregnant women for symptomatic or asymptomatic UTIs on a regular basis.

Author (s) Details

O. A. Akobi
Medical Microbiology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Niger-State, Poastal Code, Nigeria.

E. G. Emumwen
Medical Microbiology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Niger-State, Poastal Code, Nigeria.

P. O. Uyigue
Achiever University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

E. C. Akobi
Nursing Department, Fedral Medical Centre, Bida, Niger State, Poastal Code, Nigeria.

S. O. Akinola
Oyo State Hospitals Management Board, Sectariat, Ibadan, Nigeria.

E. O. Uzoigwe
Medical Microbiology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Niger-State, Poastal Code, Nigeria.

E. F. Emumwen
Health Centre Clinic, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger-State, Poastal Code, Nigeria.

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Mild Dehydration and Apparent Relationship with Bladder and Colorectal Cancers | Chapter 15 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.5

 Background: The significance of water consumption/dehydration in cancer has not been elucidated to this day.

Objective: Review the importance of water in colorectal and bladder cancers.

Methods: A critical review of the literature highlighted urinary tract infection and constipation with
bladder and colorectal cancers, as they relate with water ingestion.

Results: Several disparities were identified. Their source includes among others, the inability to
evaluate properly water intake, the lack of equivalence of low fluid intake with mild dehydration, the
multifaceted nature of the evaluated diseases, and the changing methods of research.
Conclusions: In spite of the clinical and technical limitations, some support for the input of
dehydration to the pathogenesis of the conditions described is evident.

Author (s) Details

Daniel Benharroch
Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Assaf Benharroch
Experimental Farming, Kibbutz Gal On, Israel.

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Utility of Various Resistance Indicators for Enterobacteriaceae from Urinary Tract Infections: Local Experiences | Chapter 14 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

Aims: To assess the epidemiology of UTIs affecting inpatients and outpatients and the antibiotic resistance levels, expressed as multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices from the isolated species at a tertiary-care hospital in Hungary, during a 10-year study period. Study Design: Retrospective microbiological study. Place and Duration of Study: 1st of January 2008 - 31st of December 2017 at the University of Szeged, which is affiliated with the Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, a primary- and tertiary-care teaching hospital in the Southern Great Plain of Hungary. Methodology: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using disk diffusion method and when appropriate, E-tests on Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) plates. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the isolates was determined.  Results: During the 10-year study period, the Institute of Clinical Microbiology received 21,150 urine samples from outpatient clinics and 19,325 samples from inpatient departments that turned out to be positive for a significant urinary pathogen. Out of the positive urine samples, E. coli represented the overwhelming majority of all positive urine samples. The resistance levels in inpatient isolates were higher than in the outpatient isolates (average MAR indices: 0.347 vs. 0.410, 0.267 vs. 0.435 and 0.318 vs. 0.473 for the E. coli/Klebsiella, CES and Proteae group, respectively). Conclusion: As the therapeutic options are becoming increasingly limited in the current antibiotic resistance climate, more effort should be put into the prudent use of antibiotics and the development of novel antimicrobial agents.

Author (s) Details

Márió Gajdács 
Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Eötvös Utca 6, Hungary

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/192