Synthesis, In silico, and Pharmacokinetic Drug Likeness of Some Schiff Bases as Hybrid Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents | Chapter 6 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 9

 

Background: Schiff bases, which may be synthesised from sulfonamide and aldehydes, have a broad range of biological effects in clinical medicine, are also referred to as anticancer and antiviral medicines. Sulfonamides and their derivatives are frequently reported for their antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties.

 

Objective: The aim of the study was to synthesise new derivatives of sulfonamide compounds containing azo and Schiff base fragments and confirm the structures by 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, as well as to investigate the antibacterial activities against medically important Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial strains.

 

Methods: Novel sulfonamide derivatives S1, S2, S3, A1, A2, and A3 were synthesised and tested with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against Candida albicans fungi. Studies on antimicrobial agents were carried out using the agar diffusion method. Molecular docking was used to study the theoretical binding of the compounds with some selected proteins. Docking studies were carried out using the program MOE (2015.10).

 

Results: The results of antimicrobial evaluation revealed that especially compounds of Schiff bases (S1, S2, and S3) exhibited good activity against all microorganisms of bacteria and fungi as compared with A1, A2, and A3. Against Candida albicans, it was found that compounds S1 and S3 gave the best activity, 21 and 20 mm, respectively. Antibacterial activity showed that compound A2 gave the best activity (34 mm at 1000 µg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus. Other compounds S1, S2, S3, A1, and A3 gave very good activities against the same bacteria, 29, 13, 29, 28, and 28 mm, respectively, at the same concentration. Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed that the compound S1 gave the best inhibition zone (25 mm) at 1000 µg/mL, whereas compounds S2 and S3 showed good potent activity (15 and 20 mm, respectively). In Silico studies showed that free binding energy (S) of the compounds against S. aureus using protein 1JIJ were -7.15 to -8.60 kcal/mol, whereas free binding energy (S) using 5V5Z fungi protein gave the values -7.10 to -8.22 kcal/mol.

 

Conclusion: Schiff base derivatives exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared with azo derivatives. A clear correlation was observed between the activity of the compounds and their molecular docking through the high negative values of free binding energy. This investigation revealed these compounds with binding energies that were on par with those of typical medications. Additionally, these compounds were shown to be powerful antibacterial agents bioactivity score and bioavailability radar analysis.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Munther Abduljaleel Muhammad-Ali

Department of Ecology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq.

 

Ekhlas Qanber Jasim
Department of Pathology Analyses, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq.

 

Abdullah H. Al- Saadoon
Department of Pathology Analyses, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v9/6835

 

Evaluation of DNA Binding and Cytotoxicity of Newly Synthesised Schiff Base (Z)-4-(((2-hydroxy phenyl)amino) (phenyl)methylene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one and Its Analogues | Chapter 1|Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 7

   A new Schiff base (Z)-4-(((2-hydroxy phenyl)amino)(phenyl)methylene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one and its analogues were synthesised by condensation of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-substituted pyrazolin-3-one with 2-amino phenol from hot ethanolic solution. Schiff bases appear to be an important intermediate in a number of enzymatic reactions involving the interaction of the amino group of an enzyme, usually that of a lysine residue, with a carbonyl group of the substrate. In this study, the primary Schiff base and its derivatives are characterised by FTIR, UV, H1NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X- ray diffraction analysis. These potential Schiff bases are subjected to DNA binding analysis against the Calf thymus DNA, and their binding constant values were calculated and compared to the standard ruthenium intercalators. The cytotoxic nature of these Schiff bases was also studied against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and their IC50 values were determined. The Schiff bases synthesised (L1, L2, L3) were stable at room temperature and possessed good keeping qualities. They were soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and insoluble in n-hexane, petroleum ether, and toluene. The compounds exhibited different tautomeric forms (Gowri et al., 2015) in the solid state: L1 as keto-imine, L2 as imine-ol, and L3 as keto-amine. From 1H NMR spectra, it was inferred that the resulting Schiff bases exist as a mixture of tautomers (II) and (III) in CDCl3 solution. Electronic spectra revealed four types of transitions, and DNA titration studies showed increasing band intensity at ~230 and ~260 nm with DNA concentration. This study contributes to a better understanding of the interaction mechanisms between Schiff bases and nucleic acids and may aid in the development of potential probes for analysing DNA structure and conformation.

 

Author(s) Details

M. Gowri
Department of Chemistry, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore – 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v7/5786

Synthesis and Characterization of 4-Chloro-2-(1-phenyl imino) Propyl Phenol and Its Metal Complexes | Chapter 2 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 4-chloro-2-(1-phenyl imino) propyl phenol, a novel Schiff base ligand, has existed synthesized by condensing 5’-chloro-2’-hydroxy propiophenone accompanying aniline. Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes of the combined ligand have been prepared in the alcoholic medium. The ligand and allure complexes have been from various physicochemical methods which include drawing moment determination, bony object in mouth conductance plan, UV-vis, infrared and thermogravimetric studies. Magnetic moment dossier and spectral studies explained the octahedral arithmetic of metal composites, thermogravimetric analysis explained the warm stability of the complexes, IR and TGA studies habitual the presence of the related water molecules in the metal aggregates.

Author(s) Details:

S. S. Wagh,
Department of Chemistry, Adarsh Education Society’s Arts, Commerce and Science College, Hingoli, Maharashtra-431513, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V3/article/view/11021

Pd (II) Complexes with Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and X-Ray Diffraction Studies | Chapter 6 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 8

 Study Aim: To synthesize, characterize and investigate X-Ray Diffraction data of certain Pd (II) complexes containing bidentate Schiff bases.

Herein, the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and X-Ray Diffraction investigations of certain Pd (II) complexes containing bidentate Schiff bases were carried out. Various Schiff bases were synthesized by combining amines such as 4-nitro aniline, 4-methyl aniline and 4-methoxy aniline with aldehydes such as 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 5-chloro salicyladehyde. Further, the synthesized Schiff bases were complexed with Pd (II) salt and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR and UV spectroscopy. Thermal analyses as well as molar conductivity were also carried out. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that these complexes possess a monoclinic crystal system. Moreover, all the synthesized Pd (II) complexes exhibit square planar geometry with 1:2 (metal: ligand) stoichiometry.

Author(s) Details:

Julekha A. Shaikh,
Department of Chemistry, Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce, 246-A, J.B.B. Marg, Mumbai-400008, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V8/article/view/10256

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Schiff Bases and Their Transition Metal Complexes | Chapter 10 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Schiff bases are versatile ligands that are generated by combining primary amines with carbonyl groups. Because of their broad range of biological activities, these compounds are extremely significant in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. The majority of them have biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor properties. Transition metal complexes with biological activity derived from Schiff base ligands have been extensively studied. The synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of Schiff bases and their transition metal complexes are summarised here.

Author(s) Details

Dr. D. T. Sakhare
U.G, P.G. & Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji, Art’s, Comm. & Science College Kannad, Dist. Aurangabad. 431103 (M.S.), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V3/issue/view/57

Recent Study on Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Transition Metal Complexes of Biologically Active Bidentate Ligands | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 1

 

A new solid complexes of Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes with bidentate Schiff base ligand derived from
2-amino 4,6 dihydroxypyrimidine and P- chlorobenzaldehyde, P-nitrobenzaldehyde have been
reported. The ligand and its complexes were screened for their antifungal and antibacterial activity
against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium moneliforme and Aspergllus flavus and
Escherichia coli. Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aurious, B. subtilis. The result indicated that the
complexes exhibited good antifungal and antibacterial activities. The Schiff base commonly
coordinates through the oxygen atom of phenolic OH group and the nitrogen atom of azomethine
group, which is confirmed by IR spectral data. Further conclusive evidence of the co-ordination of the
Schiff bases with the metal ions was shown by the appearance of new bands due to n(M-N) and n(MO) in the metal complexes.

Author(s) Details

Dr. D. T. Sakhare
U.G, P.G. & Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji, Art’s, Comm. & Science College Kannad, 431103, (M.S.), India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/253