Study of Metallic Pollutants in the Northern River of India | Chapter 2 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

Metals load in the riverine system reflects the concentration of toxicants in the water body that acts as a gutter for industrial effluents in and around the Sirsa tributary of the river Sutlej, the lifeline of North India. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) was used to detect the concentration of metal load at IIT Delhi and IDMA laboratory, Panchkula. ICPMS is based on the coupling of inductively coupled plasma, as a method of producing ions (ionizations), with a mass spectrometer as a method of separating and detecting ions. ICPMS is a highly sensitive and modern technique for the determination of a range of metals and several non-metals at concentrations below one part per trillion. The application of Metal Index (MI) can be performed to find out the impact of individual metal ions on river water quality and correlate it with health hazards. The Concentration of Metals (Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Mo, Al, Se) reported at S₁, S₂, S₃ were within permissible Limit of WHO and BIS, but the value of Boron, Mercury and Thallium were exceeded these guidelines constantly at site S₂ of study area. The metal index values at S₁, S₂, and S₃ were 1.55, 5.80, and 2.57, respectively. The site S₂ was strongly affected due to the presence of elemental dust and untreated wastewater discharged by chemical industrial units of the Baddi region. This site (S2) was nearer to CETP on the bank of the Sirsa river and found to be unsuitable at all with a higher value of metal index. It is to devise indices to estimate drinking water quality with respect to the concentration of metal elements after an equal interval of time; as there may be seasonal changes in the load of debris due to the rate of pollutant dumping in the riverine ecosystem, which is directly proportional to the amount of metal ions.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Bhagat Singh
Department of Zoology, Niilm University Kaithal, Haryana – 136027, India.

 

Ram Naresh Tyagi
Department of Zoology, Niilm University Kaithal, Haryana – 136027, India.

 

Anil Jindal
Department of Zoology, RKSD College, Kaithal, Haryana – 136027, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/4861

Field Ion Microscopy of Metals and Alloys after Intense External Influences | Chapter 6 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

 The results of the study of qualification of the crystal form of metallic fabrics after exhaustive external influences on the nuclear-spatial level are bestowed. The aim of the work is to explain the effectiveness of the use of field issuance and atomic probe procedures for the study of nanomaterials and nano-structural states emergent in volumes of metals and alloys subsequently powerful outside influences, including dissemination exposure. Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only matters analysis system that offers extensive potential for both three-dimensional image and atomic-level synthetic composition calculations (resolution of about 0.1–0.3 nm exhaustive and 0. 3–0.5 nm horizontally). The original results show the chance of three-dimensional rebuilding of the elemental arrangement of mechanically combined alloys for the study of modification of the tiny structure. The styles of irradiation for the establishment of amorphous states in the near-surface capacities of platinum have happened determined. It has happened established that the wonder of amorphisation of metals in surface volumes happens up to the sample insight of 12 nm at the increase of fluence to 1018 ion/cm2 and the specified strengthes of irradiation. It has happened determined that the type of the crystalline form of the boundary region of even defects in metal fabrics directly depends on the type of outside influence.  The width of the border regions at hardware partition boundaries has existed found to change within limits 0.8 and 1.5 nm depending on the type of passionate external impact at which point they were exposed.

Author(s) Details:

V. A. Ivchenko,
Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V2/article/view/12328

The Role of Cadmium Induced EGFR/STAT5 Pathway Activation in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition | Chapter 4 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Cadmium (Cd) is a poisonous and carcinogenic heavy metal about cigarette fume, air and drinking water, due to land and industrial endeavors, posing a health risk to the inexact population. Prolonged, depressed-dose Cd exposure by way of inhalation or ingestion induces alveolus and kidney cancers in two together humans and animal models. While exposure to extreme-dose Cd is cytotoxic and is equated with the occupational background, low-dose Cd uncovering is carcinogenic and mainly correlated with the inexact population. Even though Cd is classification as a group 1 “human carcinogen” by IARC, the means by which Cd-unprotected cells overcome calcium chelation and induce diseased transformation remains imprecise. This study examines the system by which cells unprotected to low doses of Cd live the loss of E-cadherin cell-cell grip and induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal change (EMT). Two epithelial cell lines, BEAS-2B and HEK293, were exposed to 0.4 µM and 1.6 µM of Cadmium chloride hemipentahydrate (CdCl2.2.5H2O) for 24 hours (h) and 9 weeks (wks). The preferred doses are environmentally relevant to levels of Cd found in bread and cigarettes. A dose-helpless decrease in E-cadherin and an increase in N-cadherin protein expression was observed in containers treated accompanying low-dose Cd. Moreover, Cd medicated cells exhibited a faster increase rate when compared accompanying control cells. This observation surpassed to the examination of the EGFR/STAT5 road activation, which has again been noticed to be activated in studies exhausted cancer cells. Our results accompanied a dose-weak and time-dependent increase in two together total EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR) protein. Similar results were observed accompanying STAT5 and phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5) protein in both short-term and complete exposures, nevertheless the 0.4 µM dose had the highest verbalization at 24 h. EGFR/STAT5 inducible genes were also upregulated in Cd-medicated cells in just 24 h. These dossier demonstrate that epithelial cells can overcome Cd-intervened toxicity by activating the EGFR/STAT5 road to induce cell continuation and proliferation, chief to EMT.

Author(s) Details:

Aikaterini Stavrou,
Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.

Angelica Ortiz,
Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.

Max Costa,
Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V7/article/view/12042

Determining Antioxidant Activity in Honey as a Result of Haber-Wais Reaction | Chapter 11 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 Natural dietary antioxidants have a stronger antioxidant activity than synthetic antioxidants [1]. The most important antioxidants in bee honey are polyphenolic chemicals. Humans prefer bee honey to other bee products [2]. Proteins, gluconic acid, L-ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF), Maillard reaction products, and other non-phenolic substances have antioxidant properties in addition to polyphenols. Honey's antioxidant action is mostly determined by its microbiogenic element concentration. The purpose of this research is to present the multifaceted role of microbiogenic components in humans. It's also crucial to call attention to microbiogenic metals like Cu, which can operate as both antioxidants and pro-oxidants. Cu works as an antioxidant because it is a component of various enzymes involved in the organism's antioxidant action. Cu in honey also works as a pro-oxidant when it reacts with L-ascorbic acid, which is also present in honey, in a Haber-weis reaction. Cu is potentially very harmful, in addition to being an important micronutrient, because of the capacity shift in oxidation state that leads to the commencement of the reaction in which free radicals are produced. As a result, a healthy intake of copper and other trace metals is critical in the human body. As a result, changes in the antioxidant activity of food are caused by chemical changes in the antioxidant active molecules included in the meal.

Author (S) Details

Aldina Kesic
Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tuzla, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Nadira Ibrisimovic-Mehmedinovic
Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tuzla, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Almir Sestan
Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tuzla, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Aida Crnkic
Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tuzla, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Benjamin Catovic
Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tuzla, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V4/article/view/4330