Cardiorespiratory Interactions: Exploring the Impact of Spontaneous and Mechanical Ventilation on Heart Rate Variability | Chapter 3 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 6

The purpose of this research method paper is to describe the physiological influence of spontaneous and MV on frequency-based measures of HRV. It has been demonstrated that frequency-based measurements of heart rate variability are a valuable physiological marker that sheds light on how the autonomic nervous system functions in both clinical and research contexts. Because of their physical location within the confined thoracic chamber, the heart and lungs are continuously controlled by the autonomic nervous system during each ventilation cycle. The typical mechanics of the ventilator are altered by mechanical ventilation and its subsequent removal, which results in changes to the intrathoracic pressure, tidal volume, and oxygen supply.  A non-invasive method called Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to evaluate this interaction during ventilation and can be quantified by applying frequency-based measures of the variability between heartbeats. Although HRV is a reliable method to measure the alteration of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) function and cardiopulmonary interaction, there have been limited reports concerning the changes in the frequency-based measure of HRV during both spontaneous and mechanical ventilation. By understanding the effect of different types of ventilation (spontaneous, MV, weaning process) on the cardiovascular system, the simple determinants of lung-heart interactions will be accurate, provide the most efficient treatment to patients in a critical setting, and consider respiratory support as a confounding variable that might affect the high-frequency measure of HRV in respiratory distress patients with MV, and during the weaning process.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Khlood Bubshait
Fundamental of Nursing Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v6/473

Integrated Benefits of Combining Suryanamaskar Yoga with Ujjayi Pranayama on Heart Rate Variability and Resting Heart Rate | Chapter 16 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Yoga is a branch of Indian philosophical schools which describes it as the “science of sciences. Kriyas and Pranayama are the two main pillars of Yoga. The present study was conducted to determine the combined effects of Suryanamaskar and Ujjayi Pranayama on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Resting Heart Rate (HR). Thirty healthy female volunteers (age range, 20 to 25 yrs) were randomly allocated to three groups, Group I (Ujjayi Pranayama) {n=10}; Group II (Integrated technique) {n=10} and Group III (Suryanamaskar) {n=10}. The training lasted for 4 weeks. A short-term HRV and Resting HR analysis (3 minutes) was done with the help of HeartSines (A Pulse Analysis System), before and after the training. The pre-test and post-test data for HRV and resting HR were compared using the Student's t-test was used for intra-group comparison and One-way ANOVA was used for inter-group comparison. There was a significant improvement in HRV (p=0.001) as well as Resting HR (p=0.001) for the Integrated technique group. The results suggest that Ujjayi Pranayama is better than Suryanamaskar alone but combining both of them into one technique gives more beneficial health effects as compared to the individual technique. Additionally, combining Suryanamaskar and Ujjayi Pranayama into one yogic technique is more beneficial in improving HRV and resting HR, when compared to performing them individually.

Author(s) Details:

Anu Singh,
Department of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab, India.

Sarika,
Department of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab, India.

J. S. Sandhu,
Department of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V2/article/view/13839

Diabetic Cardiovascular Neuropathy: Effects of Benfotiamine on Heart Rate Variability| Chapter 5 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.3

The importance of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is underappreciated, and there is no standardised treatment protocol. The purpose of this study was to see how benfotiamine (BFT) affected heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with T2DM and CAN. A total of 32 people with T2DM with confirmed CAN were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: BFT 300 mg/d was given to Group 2 (n=17) in addition to their regular antihyperglycemic medication for three months. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were investigated. BFT was shown to increase the sum of squares of variations between consecutive normal-to-normal intervals, as well as the high-frequency component of HRV, throughout both active and inactive sections of the day. BFT's positive outcomes imply that it might be used to treat persons who have T2DM and a confirmed stage of CAN.

Author(s) Details:

Victoria A. Serhiyenko,
Department of Endocrinology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine.

Marta E. Hotsko,
Department of Endocrinology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine.

Alexandr Serhiyenko,
Department of Endocrinology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRV-3/article/view/6945

Effect of Physical Stress on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Subjects of Type 'A' and Type 'B' Personality | Chapter 02 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Background: Stress is described as a person's incapacity to cope with a change in their circumstances. Stress can be mental, physical, or a combination of both. To attain the goal, you'll need to be stressed to the maximum, yet too much stress can make you sick. The ability of people to cope with stress differs depending on their personalities. Individual qualities such as age, physical well-being, personality, and so on all influence the stress reaction. Our autonomic functions, which may be quantified in terms of heart rate variability, are affected by stress (HRV). As a result, the goal of this research was to examine the impact of physical stress on Type 'A' and Type 'B' personality types.

Methodology: For this study, 30 persons aged 18 to 30 with Type 'A' personalities and 30 people aged 18 to 30 with Type 'B' personalities were recruited. For short-term analysis, HRV was assessed in all individuals at rest (baseline) and after physical stress for five minutes. A 45-degree shoulder abduction of one arm with maximum extension was used to apply physical stress.

The participants with Type 'A' personalities had greater baseline heart rates than those with Type 'B' personalities. When physical stress was applied, sympathetic parameters (LF, LF: HF ratio) declined and parasympathetic parameters (HF) increased in Type 'A' personality participants, whereas parasympathetic parameters (HF) increased and sympathetic parameters (LF) decreased in Type 'B' personality subjects.

Conclusions: Physical stress benefits Type 'A' personality subjects by increasing parasympathetic activity, but Type 'B' personality subjects cannot cope with physical stress due to increased sympathetic activity.

Author(S) Details

Anuradha Yadav
Department of Physiology, S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur (Raj) India.

Nisha Awasthi
Department of Physiology, S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur (Raj) India.

Manisha Sankhla
Department of Physiology, S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur (Raj) India.

Kusum Lata Gaur
Department of Community Medicine, S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur (Raj) India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V3/article/view/6331

Study on Heart rate Variability and Heart Rate under General Anesthesia in Rats of Both Sexes | Chapter 02 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The effects of general anaesthesia on autonomic function and baroreflex regulation are well documented. Intravenous anaesthetics can affect the activity of sympathetic or parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by having various qualitative and quantitative effects on the peripheral autonomic nervous system (ANS). There is currently a scarcity of information on sex differences in ANS activity or sex differences in ANS activities under anaesthesia.

The primary goal of this study was to see how spectral powers of heart rate variability (HRV) affected changes in heart rate (HR), total spectral power of HRV, and the low-frequency (LF)/high-frequency (HF) ratio in healthy, sexually mature rats of both sexes spontaneously breathing during the light (inactive) and dark (active) periods of their regimen day.

Experiments were carried out on male and female Wistar rats anaesthetized with zoletil (30 mg/kg [intraperitoneal]) after a four-week adaptation to a light-dark (LD) cycle (12h:12h). According to sex and light period, the mice were placed into four experimental groups (n=20 each). HR, HRV spectral powers (very low frequency, LF, and HF), and the LF/HF ratio were measured 20 minutes after anaesthesia was administered.

Conclusions and Results: In both sexes and during both light times of the regimen day, Zoletil had a tachycardic impact. The autonomic nervous system was engaged in HR changes in both light periods in females, while HR was not dependent on autonomic nervous system activity in males; as a result, the authors assume that it was primarily driven by other factors. HRV was determined in females by sympathetic and baroreflex activity during both light times, whereas HRV was determined in males by parasympathetic activity during both light phases. The effect of LF on the LF/HF ratio was substantial in females but not in males, whereas the effect of HF on the LF/HF ratio was minimal in both sexes and light periods.

Author(S) Details

P. Svorc
Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Safarik’s University, Kosice, Slovak Republic and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic.

D. Petrasova
Laboratory of Research Bio-models, Medical Faculty Safarik’s University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.

P. Svorc Jr
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V5/article/view/5576

Assessment of Cardiac Autonomic Function Tests: A Perspective to Possible Predictor of Outcome in COVID 19 Patients | Chapter 06 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 The COVID-19 disease has had a significant impact on the world. The condition can present itself in a variety of ways, ranging from asymptomatic persons who recover on their own to those who require acute care due to multi-system involvement. The severity of the condition is determined by a number of characteristics, including age, gender, and co-morbidities. Because the cardiovascular system is one of SARS-CoV 2's target organs, it contributes to considerable morbidity and mortality in these individuals. Non-invasive cardiac autonomic function tests can easily detect autonomic imbalance associated with cardiac involvement.

The goal of this study was to see if cardiac autonomic function tests could be used to predict disease severity in COVID 19 patients.

Author(S) Details

Prabhjot .
Department of Physiology, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, India.

Jyoti Sethi
Department of Physiology, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V2/article/view/5435