Serum IgG Levels against Two Debilitating Parasites in Household Animals in Franceville, Gabon: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum | Chapter 7 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 10

Background: Low local production of meat needs to be improved. This state is due in part, to abortion caused by infection. Management of livestock may be an important factor in limiting the spread of abortive parasites.

Objectives: To compare two breeding systems: (1) the rural method in which animals breed in the wild, no food is given, and there is no drinking water point and no shelter; (2) the modern type, characterized by providing food, water, shelter, fences, and hygiene.

Methodology: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii was measured with the modified agglutination test (MAT) and Neospora caninum with an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results: Here, 212 domestic animals were screened. Sheep had the highest incidence (82.14%), followed by cattle (26%), pigs (20%), ducks (19.05%), and chickens (17.78%). When comparing the different species according to the breeding system, we found that for chickens, the rural style of breeding was associated with the highest incidence of T. gondii compared with the modern breeding method (40% versus 4%; p=0.0004). Similarly, pigs bred according to the rural method had a higher incidence compared with the modern breeding method (48% versus 0%; p=0.0001). N. caninum antibodies were present in 32.14% of sheep and 50% of goats.

Conclusion: This study suggests that incidence of N. caninum and T. gondii may vary according to the breeding method.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Akue Jean Paul
Department of Medical Parasitology (UPARAM), CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon.

 

Badiambile Julie
Department of Medical Parasitology (UPARAM), CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon.

 

Mbou Moutsimbi Roger Antoin
Departement de Zootechnologie, Institut National Supérieur D’agronomie et de Biotechnologie (INSAB), USTM, Franceville, Gabon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v10/4165

In vitro Studies on Proliferation and Production of Cytokine and IgG by Human PBMCs Stimulated with Polysaccharide Extract from Plants Endemic to Gabon | Chapter 8 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 Polysaccharides were collected from seven Gabonese plants to investigate their immunological capacity. Proliferation, cytokine, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) assays in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (5 105 cells/mL) were performed after stimulation with different concentrations of polysaccharide fractions, compared to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) from healthy volunteers. The culture supernatants were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect cytokines and IgG. (ELISA). Pectin and hemicellulose extracts from Uvaria klainei, Petersianthus macrocarpus, Trichoscypha addonii, and Aphanocalyx microphyllus were found to be effective. For IL-12 (3–40 pg/mL), IL-10 (6–443 pg/mL), IL-6 (7–370 pg/mL), GM-CSF (3–170 pg/mL), and IFN- (5–80 pg/mL), Librevillea klaineana, Neochevalierodendron stephanii, and Scorodophloeus zenkeri induced output levels that were variable from one Only Aphanocalyx microphyllus hemicelluloses contain a small amount of IgG (OD = 0.034), but cells stimulated with these polysaccharides proliferate up to 318 percent faster than cells that are not stimulated. When the pectin of some of these plants was treated with endopolygalacturonase, however, the proliferation of PBMCs was stopped (p 0.05). However, both before and after enzymatic treatment or saponification, the pattern of cytokine synthesis remained the same. These polysaccharides appear to stimulate cells in a structure-dependent manner, according to this research. The rhamnogalacturonan-I (RGI) fragment did not induce PBMC proliferation on its own. Polysaccharides' immunostimulatory properties are confirmed in this review.

Author (s) Details

Line Edwige Mengome
Institutde Pharmacopée et de MédecineTraditionnelles (IPHAMETRA), BP 1935 Libreville, Gabon and Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, IRIB, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.

Aline Voxeur
Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, IRIB, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.

Jean Paul Akue
Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon.

Patrice Lerouge
Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, IRIB, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V4/article/view/908