Serum IgG Levels against Two Debilitating Parasites in Household Animals in Franceville, Gabon: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum | Chapter 7 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 10

Background: Low local production of meat needs to be improved. This state is due in part, to abortion caused by infection. Management of livestock may be an important factor in limiting the spread of abortive parasites.

Objectives: To compare two breeding systems: (1) the rural method in which animals breed in the wild, no food is given, and there is no drinking water point and no shelter; (2) the modern type, characterized by providing food, water, shelter, fences, and hygiene.

Methodology: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii was measured with the modified agglutination test (MAT) and Neospora caninum with an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results: Here, 212 domestic animals were screened. Sheep had the highest incidence (82.14%), followed by cattle (26%), pigs (20%), ducks (19.05%), and chickens (17.78%). When comparing the different species according to the breeding system, we found that for chickens, the rural style of breeding was associated with the highest incidence of T. gondii compared with the modern breeding method (40% versus 4%; p=0.0004). Similarly, pigs bred according to the rural method had a higher incidence compared with the modern breeding method (48% versus 0%; p=0.0001). N. caninum antibodies were present in 32.14% of sheep and 50% of goats.

Conclusion: This study suggests that incidence of N. caninum and T. gondii may vary according to the breeding method.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Akue Jean Paul
Department of Medical Parasitology (UPARAM), CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon.

 

Badiambile Julie
Department of Medical Parasitology (UPARAM), CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon.

 

Mbou Moutsimbi Roger Antoin
Departement de Zootechnologie, Institut National Supérieur D’agronomie et de Biotechnologie (INSAB), USTM, Franceville, Gabon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v10/4165

Molecular and Serological Survey of Toxoplasmosis in Iranian`s Small Ruminants | Chapter 3 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 5

Background: The parasitic disease toxoplasmosis is brought on by the compilation protozoan agent Toxoplasma gondii and can result in substantial losses in terms of quality-adjusted life years and monetary damages. Consuming raw or overcooked meat has been a major source of transmission.

Aim: The present study was conducted to survey the frequency of T. gondii in livestock meat (sheep and goats) by using a MAT test and compare it with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods as well as to determine the genetic diversity of infecting strains of T. gondii.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Quchan city in Khorasan Razavi province in northeastern Iran. Blood and tissue samples (diaphragm, heart) of 296 animals (including 168 sheep and 128 goats) were collected from the slaughterhouse in Quechan City from August 2016 to April 2017. Serum samples were examined by the Modified agglutination test (MAT) and the Nested-PCR method performed to amplify the fragment of the B1 gene to detect parasite DNA on tissues of seropositive animals. PCR-RFLP method of the GRA6 gene was used to determine the genotype of T. gondii. Also, sequencing analysis was performed to evaluate the Toxoplasma-type strains.

Results: Serum positive for MAT results were found in 27.4% of Sheep and 23.4% of goats. Positive Nested-PCR of the B1 gene results in diaphragm and heart tissues of sheep and goats were 47.8% and 26.1%, 40% and 23.3%, respectively. Nested-PCR of GRA6 gene results were positive in 10 samples that RFLP technique results using MseІ enzyme revealed genotype І. Sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis revealed DNA of all samples was closely related to Toxoplasma type І.

Conclusion: Given the high seropositivity rate of toxoplasmosis, it is advised to implement a suitable preventative program to lower the incidence of T. gondii infection through cattle intake of raw or undercooked meat. Our research lends credence to the idea that the intake of raw or undercooked meat by these animals may be a potential source of toxoplasmosis in humans.

 

Seyedeh Nastaran Asadzadeh
Department of Environmental Health, Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Hamed Ghasemzadeh-Moghadam
Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

 

Mona Fani
Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

Mostafa Gholamrezaei
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

 

Nima Firouzeh
Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v5/12387F

The Effect of Chronic Toxoplasmosis on Serum Testosterone Levels in Men | Chapter 3 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 2

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular infects both humans and animals. T. gondii parasitize in different organs even in testes and it was isolated from semen. The level of testosterone in the serum was evaluated for men with chronic toxoplasmosis.

One hundred twenty-one blood samples were collected from apparently healthy men with different age groups they were attending the teaching hospital in Al-Diwaniyah province. Three milliliters of blood drawn from each man, and then sera were separated by centrifugation. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody was detected. Same numbers of positive and negative sera were included in cases and control groups respectively, and then the quantitative determination of testosterone was analyzed in the serum of both groups.

Thirty eight (31.4%) out of 121 examined serum samples were given positive results for T. gondii IgG antibodies. The results indicated a high rate of infection among males in different age groups, especially in the 30-44 years group. The testosterone levels appeared that the hormone concentration was relatively higher in the case group than in the control group at ages 15-29 years with significant differences (P<0.05). People who live in cities compared to rural residents and those who keep cats compared to others recorded a higher rate (39. 14% and 35.71 % respectively) of anti-T. gondii IgG.

We conclude from the current study that the rate of infection with T. gondii is high among men and increases during the active period of maturity and is affected by some risk factors such as type of housing and ownership of cats and has an impact on their testosterone levels.

Author(s) Details:

Noaman N. A'aiz,
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.

Masar J. J. Al-Kurdy,
Department of Nursing Techniques, Technical Institute in Al-Diwaniyah, AL-Furat AL-Awsat Technical University, Iraq.

Thanaa I. Jawad,
Department of Nursing Techniques, Technical Institute in Al-Diwaniyah, AL-Furat AL-Awsat Technical University, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V2/article/view/13089