Molecular and Serological Survey of Toxoplasmosis in Iranian`s Small Ruminants | Chapter 3 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 5

Background: The parasitic disease toxoplasmosis is brought on by the compilation protozoan agent Toxoplasma gondii and can result in substantial losses in terms of quality-adjusted life years and monetary damages. Consuming raw or overcooked meat has been a major source of transmission.

Aim: The present study was conducted to survey the frequency of T. gondii in livestock meat (sheep and goats) by using a MAT test and compare it with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods as well as to determine the genetic diversity of infecting strains of T. gondii.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Quchan city in Khorasan Razavi province in northeastern Iran. Blood and tissue samples (diaphragm, heart) of 296 animals (including 168 sheep and 128 goats) were collected from the slaughterhouse in Quechan City from August 2016 to April 2017. Serum samples were examined by the Modified agglutination test (MAT) and the Nested-PCR method performed to amplify the fragment of the B1 gene to detect parasite DNA on tissues of seropositive animals. PCR-RFLP method of the GRA6 gene was used to determine the genotype of T. gondii. Also, sequencing analysis was performed to evaluate the Toxoplasma-type strains.

Results: Serum positive for MAT results were found in 27.4% of Sheep and 23.4% of goats. Positive Nested-PCR of the B1 gene results in diaphragm and heart tissues of sheep and goats were 47.8% and 26.1%, 40% and 23.3%, respectively. Nested-PCR of GRA6 gene results were positive in 10 samples that RFLP technique results using MseІ enzyme revealed genotype І. Sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis revealed DNA of all samples was closely related to Toxoplasma type І.

Conclusion: Given the high seropositivity rate of toxoplasmosis, it is advised to implement a suitable preventative program to lower the incidence of T. gondii infection through cattle intake of raw or undercooked meat. Our research lends credence to the idea that the intake of raw or undercooked meat by these animals may be a potential source of toxoplasmosis in humans.

 

Seyedeh Nastaran Asadzadeh
Department of Environmental Health, Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Hamed Ghasemzadeh-Moghadam
Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

 

Mona Fani
Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

Mostafa Gholamrezaei
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

 

Nima Firouzeh
Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

 

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Determination of Serological Data to Understand the Epidemiology of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Serotypes Circulating in Libya | Chapter 01 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

The third of these components, measuring the level of NSP antibodies as an indicator of previous or current FMDV infection, regardless of vaccination status, was the subject of this investigation. For nearly fifty years, outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) have been rare in Libya. In the spring of 2013, a nationwide serosurvey was done to determine the level of FMD viral circulation and transmission  determine the serotypes of the FMD virus in the nation A total of 4221 sera were obtained, with samples from all around the world.small ruminants (SR; samples from 357 farms) and large ruminants (LR; samples from 357 farms 141 farms were sampled). By ELISA, the FMD sero-prevalence of NSP antibodies was 19.0 percent.  (271/1428) with a 95 percent confidence interval of (16.9 - 21.0) and 13.5 percent (378/2793) with a confidence interval of (12.3 - 14.8) for LR and SR, respectively. samples, and so forth In LR, the sero-prevalence of NSP antibodies was and was age-related.  While in SR, the group year and year were respectively, and year, year, and year, correspondingly, for age groups year, year, and year. These The NSP serologic profiles revealed support the idea of endemic FMD circulation in the area. Libya. All positive samples were screened for SP antibodies against the FMD virus serotypes O, A, and SAT-2. The most common circulating serotype was serotype O, followed by serotype A, with no evidence of SAT-2. was not discovered. These findings shed light on the overall epidemiology of FMD in Libya, and contribute to field and lab investigations of serotype 0 (O/ME-SA/Ind-2001) in 2013 Clinical samples from around the country were used to isolate the lineage. in order to gain a better grasp more information about livestock production, data collection for the management system, and risk factor analysis It is necessary to conduct research. Scientists will be able to better grasp the epidemiology of the disease as a result of the findings. FMD and develop scientifically sound disease control measures to lessen the impact of FMD on people and the environment. Livestock from Libya.

Author (s) Details

Ibrahim Eldaghayes
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P. O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya.

Abdunaser Dayhum
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P. O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya .


Abdulwahab Kammon
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P. O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya.

Monier Sharif
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Omar Al-Mukhtar, Albeida, Libya.

Giancarlo Ferrari
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.

Christianus Bartels
European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.

Keith Sumption
European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.

Donald P. King
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Surrey, UK.


Santina Grazioli
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy.


Emiliana Brocchi
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy.


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