Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children. The incidence of retinoblastoma appears to be higher in developing countries. In Burkina Faso, there is only one retinoblastoma treatment center located in the capital. Nowadays, the treatment of retinoblastoma has benefited from the contribution of scientific progress.
Objective: The aim was to take stock of the situation of
retinoblastoma in the pediatric oncology department from January 1, 2010 to
December 31, 2019. To assess the situation over a 10-year period, the
epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary characteristics of
children with retinoblastoma were studied.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive
cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over a 10-year period,
based on records of patients admitted to pediatric oncology department of
CHU-YO. The study population consisted of all patients aged 0 - 14 years with
retinoblastoma admitted to the pediatric oncology department. Data were
analysed using CS Pro version 7.2 software. Categorical variables were compared
using Pearson’s Chi-square test at the 5% significance level. Overall survival
was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Operational definitions were used
for loss to follow-up, consultation and diagnosis delays.
Results: A total of 204 cases were collected in 10 years,
i.e. an annual average of 20.4 cases/year. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.5
months for unilateral cases and 26.4 months for bilateral cases. Male
predominance was noted, with a sex ratio of 1.31. The majority of patients came
from disadvantaged backgrounds (72% farming fathers and 91% housewives).
Clinically, leukocoria and exophthalmos were the main presenting features. The
average time to consultation was long (8.73 months) and unilateral localization
was predominantly unilateral at 77%. In terms of treatment, 102 patients were
eligible for curative treatment and 80 for palliative treatment. The prognosis
was poor, with 41% death and numerous cases of loss to follow-up (18%). Overall
survival was estimated at 32%. The factor associated with the lethality of
retinoblastoma was the extension of the tumor to other organs.
Conclusion: Recognition of the early clinical signs of
retinoblastoma can anticipate the occurrence of this cancer. Health
professionals should be encouraged to perform the Buckner test every time they
come into contact with children aged 0 to 5, and the public should be
encouraged to examine their children’s eyes. The study also recommended that
parents need to be informed more about the need for regular and permanent
monitoring for conclusive results of care.
Author (s) Details
Amadou Ouattara
Ophthalmology Department, Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya,
Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso.
Anicet Corneille
Beremwidougou
Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso.
Paté Sankara
National Center for the Fight against Blindness, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Mariam Traore/Dolo
University Hospital of Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Tierinyê Armand Meda
Nouna District Hospital, Nouna, Burkina Faso.
Windinmanégdé Pierre
Djiguimde
University Hospital of Bogodogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Rolande Kabore
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.
Chantal Gabrielle
Bouda
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.
Gertrude Augustine
Meda/Hien
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.
Jerome Sanou
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.
Jean Wenceslas Diallo
University Hospital of Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Ahgbatouhabeba
Zabsonre/Ahnoux
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v12/2755
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