Assessing the Climatic Risks of Irrigation Developments in the Nariarle Sub-Watershed in Koubri, Nakanbé Basin, Burkina Faso | Chapter 5 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 7

 

Climate change is a universal phenomenon, no country is spared, from the richest to the poorest. Irrigation schemes in the Nariarlé sub-watershed, Nakanbé basin in Burkina Faso are exposed to climate risks. These risks are accentuated by the combination of several natural, biophysical, and anthropogenic factors. The objective of this study is to assess the climatic risks of developments in Burkina Faso. The absence of a previous study of the risk assessment of the basin highlights the originality of this article. Documentary research and satellite image processing were used as a methodology. This methodology is supported by field surveys of 160 farmers, questionnaires, and interview guides. Three (03) variables are used to analyze the practices and techniques of adaptation to climate risks of irrigation developments in the Nariarlé watershed (Prevention or anticipation, reduction or resilience, monitoring, and evaluation). The climate analysis shows a change in minimum and maximum temperatures and a persistence of deficit years. The climate risks identified are risks of vulnerability to climatic hazards (water stress, soil erodibility, flooding of irrigated areas, heat waves), risks of exposure (demographic pressure, increase in the level of CO₂ content of developments, economic deficit). Climate risk assessment is a tool for decision-making, guidance, practices, and effective adaptation techniques. It is also necessary to strengthen the availability and management of water resources through better monitoring of hydraulic infrastructure, rehabilitation, and integration of groundwater pumping systems using solar panels.

Author(s) Details

Sampebgo Abdoul-Azize
Human Science Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, Norbert Zongo University, UFR/SH, BP: 376, Koudougou, Burkina Faso.

Ouedraogo Ibrahim
Human Science Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, Norbert Zongo University, UFR/SH, BP: 376, Koudougou, Burkina Faso.

Bonkoungou Joachim
INERA/CNRST, National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research/Institute of the Environment and Agricultural Research, Burkina Faso.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v7/1556

Retinoblastoma Situation in Burkina Faso over Ten Years: A Cross-Sectional Study | Chapter 6| Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 12

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children. The incidence of retinoblastoma appears to be higher in developing countries. In Burkina Faso, there is only one retinoblastoma treatment center located in the capital. Nowadays, the treatment of retinoblastoma has benefited from the contribution of scientific progress.

Objective: The aim was to take stock of the situation of retinoblastoma in the pediatric oncology department from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. To assess the situation over a 10-year period, the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary characteristics of children with retinoblastoma were studied.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over a 10-year period, based on records of patients admitted to pediatric oncology department of CHU-YO. The study population consisted of all patients aged 0 - 14 years with retinoblastoma admitted to the pediatric oncology department. Data were analysed using CS Pro version 7.2 software. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test at the 5% significance level. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Operational definitions were used for loss to follow-up, consultation and diagnosis delays.

Results: A total of 204 cases were collected in 10 years, i.e. an annual average of 20.4 cases/year. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.5 months for unilateral cases and 26.4 months for bilateral cases. Male predominance was noted, with a sex ratio of 1.31. The majority of patients came from disadvantaged backgrounds (72% farming fathers and 91% housewives). Clinically, leukocoria and exophthalmos were the main presenting features. The average time to consultation was long (8.73 months) and unilateral localization was predominantly unilateral at 77%. In terms of treatment, 102 patients were eligible for curative treatment and 80 for palliative treatment. The prognosis was poor, with 41% death and numerous cases of loss to follow-up (18%). Overall survival was estimated at 32%. The factor associated with the lethality of retinoblastoma was the extension of the tumor to other organs.

Conclusion: Recognition of the early clinical signs of retinoblastoma can anticipate the occurrence of this cancer. Health professionals should be encouraged to perform the Buckner test every time they come into contact with children aged 0 to 5, and the public should be encouraged to examine their children’s eyes. The study also recommended that parents need to be informed more about the need for regular and permanent monitoring for conclusive results of care.

 

Author (s) Details

Amadou Ouattara
Ophthalmology Department, Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso.

 

Anicet Corneille Beremwidougou
Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso.

 

Paté Sankara
National Center for the Fight against Blindness, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

 

Mariam Traore/Dolo
University Hospital of Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

 

Tierinyê Armand Meda
Nouna District Hospital, Nouna, Burkina Faso.

 

Windinmanégdé Pierre Djiguimde
University Hospital of Bogodogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Rolande Kabore
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.

 

Chantal Gabrielle Bouda
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.

 

Gertrude Augustine Meda/Hien
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.

 

Jerome Sanou
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.

 

Jean Wenceslas Diallo
University Hospital of Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

 

Ahgbatouhabeba Zabsonre/Ahnoux
University Hospital of Yalgado, Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v12/2755

Study of Some Biological Parameters of Phonoctonus lutescens (Guérin Meneville and Percheron), a Predator of Dysdercus voëlkeri (Schmidt, 1932), in Burkina Faso | Chapter 2 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 1

Phonoctonus lutescens, the predatory bug of D. voëlkeri, belongs to the Hemiptera order, Heteroptera suborder, Reduviidae family, Phonoctonus genus and Phonoctonus lutescens species. P. lutescens is an organism that feeds on pests. It is also one of the main predators of the red cotton bug (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

The cotton bug Dysdercus voëlkeri belongs to the order Hemiptera, suborder Heteroptera, family Pyrrhocoridae, genus Dysdercus, species Dysdercus voëlkeri, which is a harmful organism (pests) that damages cotton crops at the end-of-cycle in Burkina Faso. The control of this harmful cotton bug is based on chemical use only. For alternative solutions, a biological control method was investigated by using P. lutescens which is D. voëlkeri natural enemy, in order to develop a biological control method. The essence of this work is to know some biological parameters of P. lutescens before any use in biological control. The biological control of this pest requires knowledge on P. lutescens predator of D. voëlkeri. The study was carried out at Farako bâ experimental station in Bobo Dioulasso on the biological parameters of P. lutescens. Newly emerged P. lutescens individuals in metal cages are transferred in Petri dishes and fed with D. voëlkeri individuals under laboratory conditions. D. voëlkeri is fed on cotton seeds of the FK 37 variety. Rearing was used to study reproductive potential and survival potential (larval survival rate and adult lifespan). The development cycle, including 5 larval stages, lasted 57.23 ± 5.81 days. Larval survival rates ranged from 92% to 97.47%. Adults lived an average of 87.5 ± 27.99b days for males and 107.97 ± 24.21 days for females. The number of eggs laid per female was 366.73 ± 27.43 with an average egg-laying frequency of 38.1 ± 9.21. These results may enable us to better manage this predator by giving possibilities for the development of biological control and agroecological management strategies for this predator.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sow Issa
INERA/Programme Coton, Station de Farako-Ba, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

 

Hema S. A. Omer
INERA/Programme Coton, Station de Farako-Ba, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

 

Sanon Antoine
UFR-SVT, Universite de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

 

Hema Tiemogo
INERA/Programme Coton, Station de Farako-Ba, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v1/4199

Study of the Potentiality of Using Three Raw Materials from Burkina Faso in Porcelain Formulations | Chapter 11 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol.7

 Porcelain is a ceramic material made out of a triaxial composition of clay and kaolin, quartz, and feldspar. The usage of three Burkina Faso mineral resources in the formulation of porcelains has been investigated. The clay « NONG » contains 62 percent kaolinite, 18 percent illite, 17 percent quartz, and 17 percent rutile, according to the characterisation data (1 percent ). Albite (17%), muscovite (44%), and quartz are found in the pegmatite « PEG ». (34 percent ). Quartz makes up the majority of the sand « SAB ». Traditional hard porcelain requires 50 percent kaolin, 25 percent silica, and 25 percent feldspar in its formulation. Some samples were sintered at temperatures ranging from 1200°C to 1300°C after being cast into porous moulds. Clay « NONG » contributes to mullite recrystallization and the production of a vitreous phase during burning. At temperatures above 1050 °C, « PEG » contributes to the quantity and behaviour of the liquid phase. It aids in the management of the sintering process by allowing for a nearly zero (0.5%) open porosity. Because of its high melting point, « SAB » increases thermal and dimensional stability and is involved in recrystallization processes and liquid phase behaviour. The XRD analysis of all specimens revealed that it was made up of amorphous, mullite, and quartz phases. The specimens sintered at 1250 °C yielded the following intriguing results: a density of 2.3 to 2.5; a water absorption of less than 0.5 percent; an open porosity of less than 1%; and a flexural strength of greater than 35 MPa As a result, materials burned at temperatures higher than this are closely related to the porcelain group.

Author(s) Details:

Youssouf Sawadogo,
Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux (LCMM), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso.


Lamine Zerbo,
Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux (LCMM), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso.


Moustapha Sawadogo,
Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux (LCMM), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso.



Mohamed Seynou,
Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux (LCMM), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso.

Moussa Gomina,
CRISMAT, UMR 6508, Ensicaen, Equipe Structure et Comportement Thermomécanique des Matériaux, Caen Cedex, France.

Philippe Blanchart,
IRCER, UMR-CNRS 7315, Centre Européen de la Céramique, 12, rue Atlantis, 87068 Limoges, Cedex, France.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V7/article/view/6104

Study on Meningitis Outbreaks due to Neisseria meningitidis in 2010 and 2012 in Burkina Faso | Chapter 13 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 Epidemic outbreaks were reported in numerous Burkina Faso health districts during the epidemic seasons of 2010 and 2012. Recurrent meningitis outbreaks caused by Neisseria meningitidis are probable due to climatic circumstances, poverty, and a lack of population immunity.

The goal is to describe the epidemiology and reaction during the epidemics of 2010 and 2012.

Patients and Procedures: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place throughout the 2010 and 2012 outbreaks. The information was gathered in health districts. According to WHO classifications, meningitis cases are classified as suspect, probable, or confirmed. Epi Info 3 5 1 was used to enter and analyse the data.

Outcomes: In 2010, twelve districts had crossed the pandemic threshold, and thirteen had done so in 2012. Neisseria meningitidis X dominated the isolated bacteria in 2010 while Neisseria meningitidis W prevailed in 2012. In 2010, the average age of patients was 12 years old, while in 2012, it was 9 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3 in 2010 and 1.3 in 2012. In 2010 and 2012, the modal age group was 5 and 14 years old, respectively. With the uncombined polysaccharide vaccine ACYW, three health districts achieved a vaccination response.

The proper care of cases and the building of children's immunity are still important techniques for preventing meningitis epidemics. In order to respond appropriately to epidemics, it is critical to have a combination tetravalent ACYW vaccination.

Author(S) Details

M. Savadogo
Department of Infectious Diseases, Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Burkina Faso.

D. Yelbeogo
Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Ministère de la Santé du Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso.

S. Zabsonre
Neurosurgery Department, Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Burkina Faso.

F. Tarbagdo
Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Ministère de la Santé du Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso.

D. Koussoube
Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Ministère de la Santé du Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso.

A. Ouedraogo
Psychiatric Service, Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Burkina Faso.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V1/article/view/4079