The Improvement in Cardiovascular Risk Markers with Glimepiride in Pre-diabetic non-obese Subjects: Similar to Obese Cohort Treated with Metformin | Chapter 13 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Background: Over a 5- to 9-year period (mean, 7.20.2), we found that glimepiride was more effective than metformin in delaying the progression from pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes in non-obese subjects. Metformin was the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed diabetics who were overweight. Furthermore, neither group experienced any deaths or adverse cardiovascular conditions, which could be due to beneficial improvements in lipids and cardiovascular surrogate markers. The impact of interventions on lipids and cardiovascular surrogate markers, on the other hand, was not documented.

Prior to intervention, cardiovascular risk factors such as lipid fractions, such as serum Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLC), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDLC), and other markers, such as homocysteine (HomC), highly sensitive C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Fibrinogen (FIBR), and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor1 (PAI1).

Subjects and Methods: The sample included 18 non-obese subjects, 10 men and 8 women between the ages of 27 and 78, and 20 obese subjects, 10 men and 10 women between the ages of 32 and 81, who had pre-diabetes (fasting plasma glucose of 100 to 125 mg/dl and/or HbA1c of 5.7 to 6.4 percent). The research lasted 5 to 9 years (mean: 7.20.2). Glimepiride was given to non-obese subjects, while metformin was given to obese subjects. At each visit during the study, subjects were counselled on lifestyle intervention (appropriate diet and exercise).Individual lipids and CV markers were compared at the start of the study, six months later, and at the end of the study for each group, as well as between groups for baseline and end-of-study levels.

Results: In the glimepiride group, significant improvements in all parameters occurred after treatment (Post Rx) at 6 months and were sustained until the end of the study. HbA1C ( percent ): 6.2 0.2, 5.5 0.1*, 5.7 0.1*; TC (mg/dl): 212 15, 174 13*, 178 14*; TG (mg/dl): 202 32, 162 28*, 178 14*; LD HDLC was not affected in any way. Obese people who were given metformin experienced similar improvements. There were no major differences between the two groups at the start, 6 months, or end of the research.

Conclusion: Glimepiride is equally efficient in enhancing lipid profiles and cardiovascular surrogate markers in nonobese subjects with Pre diabetes as metformin is in obese subjects, explaining similar cardiovascular results in both classes.

Author (s) Details

Reshma Esmail
Mount Saint Mary College, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Udaya Manohar Kabadi
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA and Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA.

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Recurrent Diabetic Trigger Finger. Percutaneous or Open Release as Surgical Treatment is More Effective in Long-term Outcomes? | Chapter 12 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 In diabetic patients, stenosing tenosynovitis is a common complication. The final treatment is the release of the A1 pulley (open or percutaneous). This research compares the functional outcomes and complication rates of two approaches for recurrent trigger finger in diabetic patients (open versus percutaneous release).

Materials and Methods: Chronic trigger finger was treated in 114 diabetic patients with an average age of 48 years (range 28-64 years). For the classification of trigger digits, the updated Quinnell grading system was used as a selection criterion. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group A were treated with open A1 pulley release, while patients in Group B were treated with percutaneous release using the tip of an 18-gauge or knife (Ophtalmic Corneal/ Scleral knife 19 Gauge).

The average period of follow-up was 12 months (range from 10-14 months). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Fast Dash, and Gilberts & Wereldasma Questionnaire were used to determine the results. The findings seemed to be higher in group B at three months, but there was no statistical difference at six months or one year after surgery.

Conclusions: Both surgical methods (open and percutaneous release) produced comparable therapeutic efficacy in long-term postoperative follow-up. In terms of short-term results, the percutaneous release has the following advantages over the traditional open method: 1) low cost, 2) lower complication rates, and 3) rapid functional recovery.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
Author (s) Details

G. Kastanis
Department of Orthopaedic, General Hospital of Heraklion –Venizeleio, Crete, Greece.

A. Pantouvaki
Department of Physiotherapy, General Hospital of Heraklion –Venizeleio, Crete, Greece.

P. Kapsetakis
Department of Orthopaedic, General Hospital of Heraklion –Venizeleio, Crete, Greece.

C. Christoforidis
Department of Orthopaedic, General Hospital of Heraklion –Venizeleio, Crete, Greece.

C. Chaniotakis
Department of Orthopaedic, General Hospital of Heraklion –Venizeleio, Crete, Greece.

G. Magarakis
Department of Orthopaedic, General Hospital of Heraklion –Venizeleio, Crete, Greece.

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Polyamines: The Other Legacy of Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek | Chapter 11 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The aim of this brief chapter is to highlight Leeuwenhoek's significant contributions to science through the invention of the microscope, an instrument that enabled him to observe a wide range of biological materials, including microorganisms, plant tissues, animal tissues, and observations in bodily fluids such as blood and sperm. He discovered spermine and other polyamine crystals in human sperm for the first time. We now know that these wonderful molecules control numerous roles in organisms and lead to homeostasis, despite the fact that he didn't realise it. Polyamines have been studied in humans in both healthy and diseased states. Its involvement in hyperglycemic conditions is discussed here in relation to pancreatic function.

Author (s) Details

José D. Méndez
Medical Research Unit in Metabolic Diseases, Cardiology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.

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A Short Review on Polyamine Metabolism in Sperm Cell | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are polyamines that occur naturally in living organisms. They can be found in tissues and fluids of mammals. They communicate with a number of polyanions, including nucleic acids, since they are simple molecules. Polyamines help to keep deoxyribonucleic acid stable. Their function in diabetes mellitus and reproductive disorders, not only in male but also in female reproduction, has recently gotten a lot of attention. Several studies have shown that sperm deoxyribonucleic acid is glycated and fragmented in uncontrolled diabetic males, which has implications for human reproduction. Polyamines are shown to inhibit both processes in our lab. This paper discusses the production, interconversion, and physiological effects of polyamines in sperm cells, with a focus on human sperm cells.

Author (s) Details

José D. Méndez
Medical Research Unit in Metabolic Diseases, Cardiology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, P.O.Box A-047, 06703 Mexico City, Mexico.

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Preliminary Report on Scintimetric Evaluation of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Involvement by Dr. V. Siva’s Retention Ratio | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The aim of this study is to demonstrate the value of Scintimetric Characterization of tracer activity uptake in Rheumatoid arthritis-affected joints in bone scans.

Materials and Methods: Bone scans for bone and joint pains revealed the existence of skeletal hot spots in three out of five patients with reported Rheumatoid arthritis. By repeating the 24 hr delayed bone scans, they were subjected to the scintimetric assessment of the skeletal hot spots by Dr. V. Siva's retention ratio. In 3 hour and 24 hr bone scans, maximum counts were calculated for 58 skeletal hotspots seen in different joint spaces. They were tabulated, and Dr. V. Siva's Retention Ratio for the last 24 hours was measured and analysed.

The mean was 5.91 0.35, and the standard error of the means was 0.3496. The estimated standard deviation was 2.9734 and the estimated variance was 8.8408. By HOJO's adjustment, the average variance was 6.6306 and the estimated standard deviation was 2.575 for this sample size. Owing to the limited size of the Sample population, this was inevitable.

Conclusion: The scintimetric assessment of skeletal hotspots in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients revealed a definitive benign benefit, according to this report. This could serve as a solid baseline from which to evaluate patient response and progression.

Author (s) Details

V. Sivasubramaniyan
Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore, Madhyapradesh, India and Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

K. Venkataramaniah
Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Retrospective Analysis of Scintimetric Characterization of Primary Tumors by Dual Phase PETCT Study | Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The aim of this retrospective study of the scintimetric characterization of primary tumours of different cancers using dual step PETCT scans is to prove the utility of Rong's Retention ratio and Dr. V. Siva's modification of RRI.

The SUV max values were obtained in the Early and Delayed PETCT scans using the ROI method over the FDG avid primary sites in the proven cases of different cancers. The PETCT scans were performed using the GE Discovery IQ unit one and four hours after receiving an I.V injection of 5 to 10 mCi of F18-FDG following an overnight quick. GE's Advantage 4.7 software was used to perform the image analysis and measure the SUV. The determined SUV max was used to arrive at the Rongs Retention Index (RRI) and Dr. V. Siva's adjustment of RRI, which included a total of 19 primary sites in different locations. The data was tallied and analysed.

The retention ratio of Rong had a very narrow range with a lot of overlap. Dr. V. Siva's RRI modification, on the other hand, showed much broader values with a clear cutoff stage. The statistical analysis of the data shows that Dr. V. Siva's RRI adjustment has a strong correlation with Rong's Retention Index (RRI).

Conclusion: It can be inferred that scintimetric characterization of primary tumours of different cancers is possible and can be helpful in identifying primary malignancies.

Author (s) Details

V. Sivasubramaniyan
Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore, Madhyapradesh, India and Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sai Shiv Narayan
SSSIHL, India.

K. Venkataramaniah
Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Research on Scintimetric Characterization of Skeletal Hotspots by Dr. V. Siva’s Retention Ratio in a Diagnostic Referral Center | Chapter 7 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The aim of this study is to show that Scintimetric Characterization of Skeletal Hot Spots seen in Bone Scans performed in this referral centre between 2016 and 2017 will help distinguish between metastatic and non-metastatic lesions.

The study group consists of 59 patients who were referred to our centre for metastatic evaluation and non-specific bone complaints. Using a GE Millenium Gamma Camera, a whole-body bone scan was performed 3 hours after an intravenous injection of 15 to 25 mCi of Tc99m MDP. Both those who had focal hot spots in their scans and who agreed willingly with the permission of the referring physician had their whole body bone scan repeated after 24 hours. The area ratio count protocol was used to measure the counts in the focal hot spots at 3 and 24 hour bone scan images. In the focal hotspots, the retention ratio was determined by dividing the 3-hour counts by the 24-hour counts. The metastatic and non-metastatic groups' values were tallied and analysed.

Results: Of the 59 scans in our collection, 35 (59%) were negative and showed no focal shifts. 24 of the 59 scans (41% ) revealed focal shifts in the form of hot spots. Out of the 69 hot spots examined, 31 (45%) had a value of 13.07 1.02, suggesting that the lesions were metastatic, and 38 (55%) had a value of 6.07 0.62, indicating that the lesions were benign. As a result, the metastatic group's mean value was nearly twice that of the benign group. The statistical analysis indicated that the two groups were significantly different.

Conclusion: In the tertiary referral diagnostic centre, the Scintimetric characterization of the focal hot spots by Dr. V. Siva's retention ratio effectively provides useful means to distinguish between metastatic and non-metastatic lesions.

Author (s) Details

V. Sivasubramaniyan
Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore, Madhyapradesh, India and Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

K. Venkataramaniah
Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V5/article/view/694