Formation of the Solar System | Chapter 3 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 10

The solar system stretches outward from the sun, passing the four inner planets, through the asteroid belt, past the four gas giants, and continues to the disk-shaped Kuiper Belt, extending even further to the teardrop-shaped heliopause. Rawal [1-16] studied the contraction of the Solar Nebula in order to understand the formation of the Solar System and to derive Planetary Distance Law. He took the view that the Solar Nebula contracted in steps of Roche Limit. Roche Limit is defined above eq. (9), (10) and (11). In his paper entitled "Contraction of the Solar Nebula", Rawal [3] took the assumption that the ratio of the density of the primary (\(\rho_p\)) to the density of the secondary (\(\rho_s\)), which appears in the formula of Roche Limit, is of the order unity, that is, \(\rho_p\) / \(\rho_s\) = 1. In order to get a closer look at the contraction of the Solar nebula, here, in this paper, we would like to remove this restriction on the ratio ( \(\rho_p\) / \(\rho_s\) ) and take it to be 0.7,0.8,0.9 or 1.1,1.2,1.3 and derive the distances of outer and inner edges of the gaseous rings, which one by one, go to form secondaries around the primary (here, the Sun), out of which planets were formed. This may give us a closer look at the contraction of the Solar Nebula which is going to form the Solar System, giving rise to the form of Planetary Distance Law, consistent with a 2/3-stable Laplacian Resonance Relation, which may be closer to reality. After going through this exercise, it is found, here, that if the assumption that ( \(\rho_p\) / \(\rho_s\) ) = 1 to be relaxed and if it is less than 1, the system is shrunk and if it is more than 1 the system expands, only the scale parameters change, and the structure remains similar. However, in all these cases, resonance necessarily will not be stable 2/3-Laplacian resonance. For stable 2/3-Laplacian resonant orbits, the ratio ( \(\rho_p\) / \(\rho_s\) ) = 1 is utmost necessary. One, therefore, concludes that the orbits in the Solar System are stable because the ratio ( \(\rho_p\) / \(\rho_s\) ) involved in the Roche Limit, is of the order unity. This theory is also valid for all satellite systems. Other aspects of the Solar System/Satellite System are also discussed. This means that when the density of the secondary equals that of primary, then only the ring gets detached and Laplace Resonance is attained.

 

Author (s) Details

J. J. Rawal
The Indian Planetary Society, Mumbai, B-201, Vishnu Apartment, L. T. Road, Borivali (West), Mumbai-400092, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v10/1909

New Understanding in Physics and Astronomy | Book Publisher International

 The shortcomings of the modern scientific picture of the world are associated with the currently accepted scientific method, in which almost all explanations of physical phenomena are based on hypotheses. The arbitrariness of accepted hypotheses is gradually forgotten, and invented explanations are affirmed as real structures of the world. In this paper, electromagnetic and gravitational interactions are considered from the standpoint of a non-hypothetical approach. Its essence lies in the study of phenomena as such, in the measurement of various properties of natural objects and in the establishment of relationships between them. The results obtained form a new understanding of the phenomena of the surrounding world. The laws of change in the frequency of light and its direction by a moving source follow from the laws of electromagnetism. The dynamics of the orbits of the planets over the interval of 100 million years was studied by a new numerical method and the stability of the Solar system was established. This method was used to study the evolution of the motion of two asteroids Apophis and 1950DA over a 1000-year interval. Various ways of converting their trajectories into the orbits of the Earth's satellites are considered. It is proved that the observed rotation rate of Mercury's perihelion coincides with that calculated from the Newtonian interaction of the planets and the compound model of the Sun's rotation. As a result of the numerical solution of the equations, the influence of the planets, the Sun and the Moon separately on the rotational motion of the Earth for 10 thousand years was studied. The evolution of the Earth's axis over 20 million years under the combined action of these bodies has been studied. It has been established that the Earth's axis precesses relative to a fixed direction in space, different from the direction of precession of planetary orbits. It has been established those particles: neutrino, bosons etc. were introduced as a result of an incorrect theory of interactions in the Theory of Relativity. It is shown that gravitational waves do not exist. They were introduced to explain the excessive rotation of Mercury's perihelion. However, it is due to the oblateness of the Sun.

Author(s) Details:

Joseph J. Smulsky,
Institute of Earth's Cryosphere, Tyumen SC of SB RAS, Federal Research Center, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPA/article/view/12612

The Sun’s Rotation Appears Differential Plus Other New Views: A Novel Perspective | Chapter 13 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 When observant extended objects in the way that the sun, it is fault-finding to remember that the speed of light is limited. This is a novel perspective on the sun that allows for possibility its gigantic spherical intensity in proportion to the fixed speed of light.  The sun is so comprehensive that it takes light approximately 2.32 seconds to travel from the plane of the cosmic limb to the plane tangential to the star at the solar plate’s center. The aforementioned analyses are used in this place study to strengthen the novel postures.  Firstly, it is shown that the cosmic disc is a concurrent view of successively emitted chain spherical circles. Secondly, even though that the sun is vaporous, it is thought to turn completely as a strict body at a established angular speed, yet an spectator on Earth sees it rotate differentially. A natural mathematical study reveals that the speed of turn of the sun performs to decrease with scope. Thirdly, a qualitative test of how we notice simultaneous whole-surface shine changes of the sun and sunlike superstars indicates that aforementioned changes would appear to open radially from the center of the solar plate. It has also existed illustrated that the star would appear to be extending or exploding while dwindle.

Author(s) Details:

Salah Abunaieb,
Sogex Oman LLC, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V7/article/view/12248

Quantum Mechanics Hypothesis of Solar System Structure: Quantum de Broglie Wavelength| Chapter 4 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 7

 Quantifying the strength of objects orbiting the Sun is not a novel idea. We have found that if we use the physical quantum number guide the real energy state of alternating bodies, quantization everything well. This quantum number is very extreme for the main bodies or globes (10~70 to 76). However, since quantity energy levels are very extreme ΔE and very low we see that body can in practice keep all orbits.  As a result, the current stable positions of the frames as they are currently believed are the aggregate of the impacts of all other disturbing phenomena in addition to the quantization. We expressed the honest integer quantity numbers as a function of the planet Mercury in order to find a quantum state accompanying n=1 and discovered a good equivalence.  However, the search for a equivalence of prediction of the average at fixed intervals radius of bulks using the natural integer number n=1,2,3,4,5,6,7 is not excellent for crowd beyond the earth Pluto. Indeed, so many trans-Neptunian bodies have alike integer quantity numbers, which confuses the sequence of number numbers beyond 10.  Moreover, seemingly the trans-Neptunian bodies seem expected grouped for many of bureaucracy according to somewhat well-defined bands. The study created it possible to question the de Broglie awareness of bodies (10~-58 to -65m). Indeed, accompanying the hypothesis of Planck’s quantities that would relate to the scale of the universe, it is difficult to understand that de Broglie wavelengths are less than the Planck time lm. This led to an verbalization of the modified de Broglie intuitiveness λm that predicts an asymptotic lower limit profit equal to . With the help of this changed de Broglie wavelength, it is doable to forecast the average orbital radius of corpses with more veracity.

Author(s) Details:

Jean Perron,
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi UQAC, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V7/article/view/9413

A Directory of Museums of Kerala | Book Publisher International

 As an international student in Kerala, India, one of the projects I worked on as part of my research mandate was to begin an exhaustive survey of Kerala museums. This project was inspired by a noticeable gap in the documentation of Kerala's museums. A survey study project that took place between 2015 and 2020 was an important aspect of my PhD research. This book's major substance, a Directory, is the result of that survey. When I first started my pilot research project, I rapidly realised that, while most publications about Kerala museums were useful, they fell short of my research needs, ostensibly because they had not been updated in a long time. Publications like Smt. Usha Agrawal's renowned guidebook "Museums of India" (2013) were among the few credible publications available when I began my studies in India. The definitive Handbook on the Museums of Kerala by Dr. S.B. Darsana (2009), which lists over 50 museums from all throughout Kerala, is one of the additional reference books on Kerala museums that I found useful to include. The far older publications released during India's early post-independence period are likewise noteworthy in this category. These include the Hudson and Nicholls (2014) directory, which features a few entries on Kerala museums, and the museologist Sri. Sivaramamurti's 1959 Directory of Indian Museums (1959). Markham and Hargreaves' study on Indian museums, published in 1936, is even older. Government papers and tourist guidebooks are some of the more recent works featuring coverage on Kerala museums. Miller's The Blue Book falls into this category (2012). This publication, a tour handbook, offers a non-academic perspective on what museums have to offer in Kerala's well-known tourist circuit. This directory is a valuable addition to the extensive literature on Kerala museums. In terms of scope and purpose, my work tries to fill in some of the gaps left by previous publications. At the time of my research, the publication included a count of the number of museums in various districts of Kerala. At the time of my Kerala museum mapping survey, the publication listed 183 museums in functioning. Two of the museums featured here are in Tamil Nadu, a neighbouring state. Despite being physically outside Kerala State, both museums, both located in the Padmanabhapuram Palace complex in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, are considered Kerala museums, at least in this book. The logic behind this is that their historical roots and current administrative status bind them to Kerala. Of course, this isn't the end of the storey. Rather, it is, in my opinion, a little addition to the burgeoning corpus of writing on Kerala State museums.

Author(s) Details

Kioko Nzuki Mwania
Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ADMK/article/view/4662

The Inward / Outward Speed Relationship between Gravitationally Bound Points: Critical Study | Chapter 4 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol.4

 

In this article: using our conclusions from the first article, we derive / discuss the theoretical dynamic
(variable central mass systems) expressions / properties of gravitationally-bound points in single or
multiple systems in the universe.

Author(s) Details

Jihai Zhang
Independent Researcher, Canada.

Ping Tao
Independent Researcher, Canada.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/238

Study on the Relationships between Two Gravitationally-bound Points in Single or Multiple Systems in the Universe | Chapter 3 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol.4

 Traditionally, Newton's laws are directly used to establish the gravitational relationship between two

objects with any type of motion. However, the relationship is mathematically a vector (or vectors), and
it is difficult to solve, especially when the number of objects is greater than 3, the physical relationship
between objects cannot be simply / clearly revealed. It is even more difficult to study the properties of
a gravitational field. With real data verification error less than 3.5%, we found / proved that physical
properties of the ideal circular motion in the gravitational field are essential / can truly reflect the laws
of motion of gravitationally-bound points in the universe. Regardless the mass of the orbiting point /
body, the central mass and its variation determine the physical properties. In this article, we derive,
use real data to verify and discuss the statistic (fixed central mass systems) expressions / properties
of gravitationally-bound points in single or multiple systems in the universe. Strictly speaking, a star
system like our solar system is a variable central mass system. However, since the rate of solar mass
loss is about 1E-12/year, it can be considered as both a fixed central mass system and a variable
central mass system.

Author(s) Details

Jihai Zhang
Independent Researcher, Canada.

Ping Tao
Independent Researcher, Canada.

View  Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/238