A Study of the Effects of Active Smoking on Renal Function | Chapter 6 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 3

 The aim of this research is to see how active smoking affects kidney function. Toxic effects of cigarettes are mostly due to tobacco components; nicotine is toxic to the kidneys. The experiment took place in the hemodialysis centre and the biochemistry lab. The distribution of smokers and nonsmokers among dialysis patients was determined using data from the service register.

Author (s) Details

Djabali Nacira
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El-Tarf University, El Tarf, 36000, Algeria.

Berrezig Wiem
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El-Tarf University, El Tarf, 36000, Algeria.

Ghai Djamila
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El-Tarf University, El Tarf, 36000, Algeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V3/article/view/726

Study on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Complicating Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections: Tunisian Experience | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a common cause of acute renal failure in infants, characterised by the triad of micro-angiopathic hemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal insufficiency. Typical HUS occurs after an episode of gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. HUS, on the other hand, is a side effect of invasive pneumococcal infection. The lack of a clear laboratory procedure, inconsistent case descriptions, unfamiliarity, a misdiagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and cases of micro-angiopathic hemolytic anaemia and only mild renal injury are all reasons for not diagnosing this disorder. The aim of our research is to explain the epidemiology, treatment, and progression of HUS in Tunisia following invasive pneumococcal infections. Between 2008 and 2016, cases were discovered. A culture of cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, or blood was used to validate S. pneumoniae infection. We were able to include eight children in the sample because they met our requirements. Fever, respiratory symptoms, neurological signs, and unusual patterns were the most common patterns. Pneumonia was a presenting feature in 6 of 8 cases (75%) and two patients had pneumococcal meningitis verified. Positive yield for S. pneumoniae by culture in pleural levy or discharge in two cases, cerebrospinal fluid in two cases, and blood in four cases confirmed pneumococcal invasive infection. The average length of stay in the hospital was 23.5 days. Many of the patients were started on antibiotics. Six of the eight patients required dialysis for a total of 27.8 days. Plasma exchange therapy was not used on any of the patients. There were two patients who died. Following a lengthy stay in the intensive care unit, one patient with pneumococcal pneumatocele developed sepsis compounded by a nosocomial infection. One of the patients suffered from bronchiectasis, which resulted in recurrent broncho-pulmonary infections. One patient who was on dialysis at the time of discharge passed away four months later.

Author (s) Details

Hammi Yousra
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

Sayari Taha
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

Chaffai Haifa
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

Borgi Aida
Pediatric intensive care unit of Béchir Hamza Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

Jallouli Manel
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia and Laboratory of research immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, LR03SP01, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.

Abidi Kamel
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia and Laboratory of research immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, LR03SP01, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.

Bouziri Asma
Pediatric intensive care unit of Béchir Hamza Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

Khaldi Ammar
Pediatric intensive care unit of Béchir Hamza Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

Gorgi Yousr
Laboratory of research immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, LR03SP01, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.

Ben Abdallah Taieb
Laboratory of research immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, LR03SP01, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.

Ben Jaballah Najla
Pediatric intensive care unit of Béchir Hamza Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

Gargah Tahar
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia and Laboratory of research immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, LR03SP01, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V6/article/view/632

Revisiting Acute Kidney Injury in Minimal Change Disease in Adults- A Review of Literature | Chapter 13 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 It has been assumed that the incidence of renal failure is a common complication in children with nephrotic syndrome associated with minimal change disease. It has however been recorded relatively less frequently in adults than in infants. In nephrotic syndrome, acute kidney injury (AKI) has been identified in literature and has been related to older age, systolic hypertension, vascular disease, and increasing severity of nephrotic syndrome. A matter of question has been the underlying pathophysiology responsible for reducing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We present a case of an elderly patient with worsening renal failure and analyse the available literature on this AKI entity in adult nephrotic syndrome with limited improvement. The long-term outlook is difficult to define for adult patients, especially elderly patients with pre-existing medical conditions with AKI, though generally nice, and more long-term follow-up studies explicitly addressing this issue are required. It is also not clear that the various treatment regimens at this stage correlate with improved renal function recovery and are still to be identified.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Shobhana Nayak-Rao
Department of Nephrology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Medical Sciences Complex, Derlakatte Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.

M. Pradeep Shenoy
Department of Nephrology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Medical Sciences Complex, Derlakatte Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/331

Approach of Kidney Disease in Dogs and Cats | Book PI International

Chronic kidney disease is one of the great challenges in daily life of veterinary doctors, and the lack of knowledge on this subject leads us to question on how we can generate early diagnoses and thus, more effective therapeutic treatments. To what extent can treating kidney disease be effective if the mechanisms with which the kidney works are unknown?. We know that under normal conditions the kidney nephrons of dogs and cats are prepared to maintain homeostasis in the body, this mechanism is most often sustained until advanced stages of disease. In chronic kidney disease, regardless of the type of initial injury, the frames of the different diseases are usually degenerative, chronic and progressive, and the damage caused to the kidneys is irreversible, thus deteriorating the glomeruli, tubules and interstitium, culminating with nephron death and progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate; This condition causes the animal to manifest clinical symptoms when there is a change from the phase of the disease to insufficiency. In the disease, morphophysiological adaptations are established that allow the kidneys to maintain balance in the body; when these adaptations attend a critical point in company with the exacerbation of the compensatory mechanisms, the onset of functional deficit is generated, initially characterized by the incapacity of the renal tubule to concentrate urine, generating polyuria with compensatory polydipsia, finally rendering the kidneys insufficient to maintain homeostasis, frame known as kidney failure, a condition in which more than 75% of the kidneys are not functional; clinically at this stage there is not to much to do. This book was produced with the purpose of make easier to the small animal clinician, understand the functioning, diagnosis and treatment of the renal system. 

Author(s) Details

Dr. Pedro Pablo Martinez Padua
Betel Center of Veterinary Specialties, Bogotá, Colombia.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/209