Study on the Role of Cell Signaling Molecules in the Pathogenesis of Glomerulonephritis in Children | Chapter 09 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 17

 Background: Cytokines are a functional group of small proteins and glycoproteins that serve as soluble mediators in an autocrine or paracrine way. Cytokines are produced by a range of cell types, the majority of which are leukocytes, and they have immune and non-immune cells as their targets.

The goal of the study was to determine the concentration of cellular signalling molecules in the urine of children with glomerulonephritis at various clinical-evolutionary stages.

Materials and Procedures: 75 children with glomerulonephritis (GN) ranging in age from 2 to 17 were included in this study. Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) nephrotic form, and chronic GN mixed type were found in 20 children. This study looked at patients who had relapsed from disease or were in clinical remission. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children.

Increased levels of cell signalling molecules (IL-8, TNF-, MCP-1, MIP-1) in the urine during clinical symptoms were discovered in this study, which is a notable result considering their role in the immunopathogenic mechanism of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome (NS).

Conclusions: Using urinary concentrations of cellular signalling molecules as a non-invasive predictive method for estimating disease activity, monitoring disease progression, distinguishing steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome from steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, and assessing treatment effectiveness in children with glomerulonephritis could be beneficial.

Author(S) Details

Angela Ciuntu
Department of Pediatrics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic of Moldova. and Institute of Mother and Child, Chisinau, the Republic of Moldova.

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Correction of Chronic Hypoxia and Apoptosis in Nephrotic Children | Chapter 13 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 8

 

Objectives: To study the levels of cellular hypoxia, apoptosis and the dependence of these factors on the value of impaired kidney function; to assess the potential protective effects of tocopherol antioxidant therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Context: Through the activation of certain secondary processes, hypoxia-related disorders play an important role in irreversible tissue damage. Peripheral edema, heavy proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia, often with hyperlipidemia, consist of nephrotic syndrome (NS).

Methods: Renal biopsy screening of 53 patients (aged 10-15 years) with nephrotic syndrome. This study used conventional clinical studies, immunochemistry and immunoblotting.

Results: Children with nephrotic syndrome have been shown to have a high HIF-1 alpha cellular hypoxia marker. The latest levels depend on the level of impaired kidney function and proteinuria. The progression of sclerosis, which is a sign of irreversible kidney damage, is accompanied by a gradual increase in the expression of the proapoptotic factor Bax. A conventional system is composed of an applied treatment and tocopherol showed an improvement in the level of hypoxia, proapoptotic factor Bax expression.

Conclusion: The application of antioxidants can attenuate hypoxia-induced disorders in nephrotic children caused by disorders in the apoptosis control system. In the field of nephrology, further research into the molecular mechanisms that preserve the kidney in nephrotic children and non-toxic nephroprotective agents, including antioxidants, are important issues.

Author (s) Details

Ievgeniia Burlaka
Department of Pediatrics №4, Bogomolets National Medical University, №4, Kyiv, Tolstogo Street 10, 01004, Ukraine.

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Revisiting Acute Kidney Injury in Minimal Change Disease in Adults- A Review of Literature | Chapter 13 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 It has been assumed that the incidence of renal failure is a common complication in children with nephrotic syndrome associated with minimal change disease. It has however been recorded relatively less frequently in adults than in infants. In nephrotic syndrome, acute kidney injury (AKI) has been identified in literature and has been related to older age, systolic hypertension, vascular disease, and increasing severity of nephrotic syndrome. A matter of question has been the underlying pathophysiology responsible for reducing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We present a case of an elderly patient with worsening renal failure and analyse the available literature on this AKI entity in adult nephrotic syndrome with limited improvement. The long-term outlook is difficult to define for adult patients, especially elderly patients with pre-existing medical conditions with AKI, though generally nice, and more long-term follow-up studies explicitly addressing this issue are required. It is also not clear that the various treatment regimens at this stage correlate with improved renal function recovery and are still to be identified.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Shobhana Nayak-Rao
Department of Nephrology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Medical Sciences Complex, Derlakatte Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.

M. Pradeep Shenoy
Department of Nephrology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Medical Sciences Complex, Derlakatte Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.

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