Study on the Optical Properties of PVA /PEG Doped with Sodium Fluoride Salt Polymer Blend Electrolyte Films | Chapter 36 | Innovative Solutions: A Systematic Approach towards Sustainable Future

Polymers when doped with metal salts give complexes which are useful for development of the advanced high-energy electrochemical devices such as high-energy density rechargeable batteries and energy storage devices. The materials used in this work were procured from Sigma Aldrich company having 99.99% purity and are used without any further purification throughout the research experiment. In the present work, solid polymer blend electrolyte films of PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) and PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) doped with different weight percent ratios of NaF (Sodium Fluoride) were prepared by the solution casting method. The effect of NaF concentration on the optical properties of (PVA/PVP-NaF) films has been investigated using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer in the wavelength range (200-800 nm). The optical constants like absorption spectra, transmission spectra, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant and optical band gaps are investigated. It was found that the optical energy band gap is decreased upon the increase in NaF salt concentration which is contrary to the variation of conductance. The experimental results show that the optical constants showed clear changes with increasing the doping concentrations. The optical constants such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, and real and imaginary dielectric constants are found to depend on the NaF concentration in the PVA/PEG blended polymer matrix. These physical aspects will contribute to producing a new material that might potentially be used as an alternative or substitute material for many other applications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mohammed Irfan
Department of P.G. Studies in Physics, Government Science College (VTU-RRC), Chitradurga-577501, Karnataka, India.

 

Razikha Banu S
Department of P.G. Studies in Physics, Government Science College (VTU-RRC), Chitradurga-577501, Karnataka, India.

 

J. Shilpa
Department of Physics, Navkis College of Engineering, KIADB Thimmanahalli Industrial Area, Kandali – 573217, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

A. Manjunath
Department of P.G. Studies in Physics, Government Science College (VTU-RRC), Chitradurga-577501, Karnataka, India and Department of Physics, Navkis College of Engineering, KIADB Thimmanahalli Industrial Area, Kandali – 573217, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

 

S. S. Mahesh
Department of Physics, Acharya Institute of Technology, Soladevanahalli, Bangalore-560107, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-47-3/CH36

Study on Liveness Detection for Fingerprint Biometrics | Chapter 3 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 

The practise of automatically identifying persons based on their biological and behavioural characteristics is known as biometrics. Systems for biometric security are often employed. They are used for both commercial and forensic applications. Fingerprint recognition is the most widely utilised biometric technology for personal identification systems since it is permanent and unique. Biometric systems, however, are susceptible to specific types of assaults. A biometric system is tricked by an unauthorised individual using a phoney input that looks exactly like one of the authorised person's biometric inputs. This is known as spoofing. Liveness detection gives biometrics an additional level of protection. It is employed to avoid forgeries. The signature By evaluating the fingerprint's ridge quality characteristics, liveness is detected. This technique is software-based and does not require any additional hardware.

Author(s) Details:

G. Arunalatha,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Karaikal, Puducherry, India.

M. Ezhilarasan,
Department of Information Technology, Puducherry Technological University, Puducherry, India.
 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V10/article/view/7716   

An Approach towards Traditional Judicial Systems to Digital Forms of Evidence | Chapter 10 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 5

There were many critics of the present administration's "Digital India" initiative at first. However, with its finger on the pulse of Young, Emerging India, several facilitations were offered with the single purpose of connecting technology with the general public. Thus, even in previously inaccessible locations, smart phones, laptops, and computers are becoming household names. On the other side, however, we also observe a sharp rise in crimes perpetrated online and using computers. Technology is a phenomena that changes constantly. It never stops evolving, modernising, or even renewing itself. Alongside the development of contemporary technology and hi-tech tools and equipment, crime has also increased. A perpetrator can easily plan, carry out, and finish a crime without being physically present at the crime scene thanks to the shift of criminal activity from the physical to the digital realm. This makes it challenging for investigators, law enforcement officials, and traditional legal systems that only consider physical evidence to identify the true perpetrator, establish guilt, and determine the seriousness of punishment. Using a desktop computer, a laptop, or even a smartphone, a criminal may carry out an illegal act while miles away from the scene of the crime, leaving no physical evidence of the crime's commission. They can also take use of web servers, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 4G data transmission rates. In these circumstances, Digital footprints must be used since they are the only means to confirm that an illegal conduct was actually carried out and to find the person who did it. Digital footprints must be given their due in the current judicial system to aid in establishing the execution of an unlawful conduct, identifying the true offender, and calculating the appropriate level of punishment because the IPC's guiding concept is "Innocent until proven guilty." This essay aims to demonstrate the importance of digital footprints and how they are used by the current justice systems to confirm, attest to, and support the commission of an illegal act.

Author (s) Details:

Banipriya Mishra,
KIIT School of Law, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Supriya Mishra,
Skill Development & Technical Education Department, Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V5/article/view/7469