An Update on Situation and Management Challenges of Recurrent Ebolavirus Disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo | Chapter 3 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is facing its tenth Ebolavirus (EVD) outbreak since August 2018. Ebola virus disease is a rare but deadly disease in people and non-human primates. The current Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreak in the provinces of North Kivu and Ituri is the tenth outbreak affecting the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); the first outbreak occurring in a war context, and the second most deadly Ebolavirus outbreak on record following the 2014 outbreak in West Africa. The primary aim of the study is to give an update on the situation of recurrent Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo and provide insight into the challenges associated with managing and controlling the disease. The DRC government’s response consisted of applying a package of interventions including detection and rapid isolation of cases, contact tracing, population mapping, and identification of high-risk areas to inform a coordinated effort. The coordinated effort was to screen, ring vaccinate, and conduct laboratory diagnoses using GeneXpert (Cepheid) polymerase chain reaction. The effort also included ensuring safe and dignified burials and promoting risk communication, community engagement, and social mobilization. Following the adoption of the “Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered Products Protocol,” a randomized controlled trial of four investigational treatments (mAb114, ZMapp, and REGN- EB3 and Remdesivir) was carried out with all consenting patients with laboratory-confirmed EVD. REGN-EB3 and mAb114 showed promise as treatments for EVD. In addition, one investigational vaccine (rVSV-ZEBOV-GP) was used first, followed by a second prophylactic vaccine (Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo) to reinforce the prevention. Although the provision of clinical supportive care remains the cornerstone of EVD outbreak management, the DRC response faced daunting challenges including general insecurity, violence and community resistance, appalling poverty, and entrenched distrust of authority. Ebolavirus remains a public health threat. Fully curative treatment is unlikely to be a game-changer given the settings of transmission, zoonotic nature, limits of the effectiveness of any therapeutic intervention, and timing of presentation.

 

Author(s) Details:-

 

Joseph Inungu
College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University, Michigan, United States.

 

Kechi Iheduru-Anderson
Central Michigan University, Michigan, United States.

 

Ossam J. Odio
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

 

Please see the link here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v6/8299E

Study on Indices Assessment of Ergonomic-PsychoSociological Workplace in the Metal Casting Industry of El Hadjar, Algeria | Chapter 5 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 15

Improving working conditions is a big task for any organisation looking to boost productivity. Workplace conditions are made up of a variety of factors such as material, physical, moral, and so on. These can provide dangers or burdens to workers' health and well-being, which will almost certainly reflect the company's profitability. Our research will look into the working conditions in the casting industry. in a steel facility in A nnaba's El Hadjar Complex (Algeria). The ergonomic-psychosociological quality of work in this workstation is evaluated using the Labor Economics and Sociology Laboratory of France (LEST) approach, with the goal of promoting them in the context of the company's socio-economic development.

Author (S) Details

Sefouhi Linda
Natural Risks and Territory Planning Laboratory (LRNAT), Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Safety, Batna 2 University, Batna, Algeria.

Bouterfa Mehdi
Natural Risks and Territory Planning Laboratory (LRNAT), Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Safety, Batna 2 University, Batna, Algeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V15/article/view/2967

A Case Report of a Death Caused by Depression in Custody | Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

Prisoners are made rather than born. Custodial deaths have been a thorn in the side of the mistreated police control for decades. A 32-year-old man was found dead inside a prison due to despair he had developed while incarcerated. A ligature mark above the neck was discovered to be suicidal after further investigation. Suicide prevention may be aided by proper prisoner care, motivation within the institution, surprise visits from higher officials, and close observation via CCTV. The current case serves as an example for police officers who want to motivate and supervise convicts to prevent suicidal behaviour.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Rupesh Kumar Naik
Department of Forensic Medicine, JIPMER Hospital, Pondicherry, India.

Kusa Kumar Shaha
Department of Forensic Medicine, JIPMER Hospital, Pondicherry, India.

Dr. Vinod A. Chaudhari
Department of Forensic Medicine, JIPMER Hospital, Pondicherry, India.


View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V11/article/view/2501

A Critical Overview of Mycotoxin Contamination of Foods and Feeds | Chapter 8 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 4

Food and feed pollution of mycotoxins remains a significant threat to food safety, public health and economic relevance. In different foodstuffs, mycotoxins exist, ranging from raw agricultural commodities to refined foods with varying impacts on food production. Aflatoxins, fumonisins and patulin are the main group of mycotoxins that contaminate food and feed. Several experiments have been performed to reveal the body's mycotoxin metabolism. The health effects of mycotoxins on sufficient dose intake are complex. These include sub-acute mycotoxicosis, immune suppression, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, animal and human morbidity and mortality, as well as nutrient assimilation interactions. Food mycotoxicity has tremendous effects on foreign trade, resulting in massive losses. There are regulations aimed at the prevention and control of mycotoxins, although not in all countries, that only function on industrially processed foods and those intended for export but not locally processed. There have been a variety of mycotoxin prevention methods suggested, but the awareness of implementation is very poor. A feasible alternative is the use of the media to build awareness.

Author (s) Details

Dr. M. U. Ukwuru
Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Idah, P.M.B. 1037, Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria.

C. G. Ohaegbu
Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.

Mr. A. Muritala
Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Idah, P.M.B. 1037, Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAFS-V4/issue/view/30

Emphasizing the Hygiene and Health: Effects, Experiences, and Expertise of “Clean India Campaign” from a Tertiary Care Hospital | Chapter 13 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 

The current “Clean India Campaign” is a catalyst for hospitals for improvements in hygiene. The
objective of this study is to define and describe the impact of multifaceted infection control and
hygienic practices by all on hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in the pediatric age group.
Implementation of multifaceted infection control policies was ensured along with the health education
for hygienic practices by all, including attendants of patients and patients when possible. These were
rigorously enforced with the renewed enthusiasm since the launch of “Clean India Campaign” from
January 2015. The setting was “Paediatric Wing” of a tertiary care hospital catering to a large army
cantonment, and also, referred cases. The most significant decline in HAI in our study has been in
that of gastrointestinal infections (RR: 0.428%, 95% CI: 0.241-0.761; p=0.0034). Overall, the results of
preventive actions were rewarding (RR: 0.547, 95% CI: 0.409-0.733; p=0.0001). The mission “Clean
India Campaign” and the WHO’s vision “clean care is safer care” lead to prevention and reduction of
HAIs. Implementation of multifaceted infection control interventions is impactful. Hygienic practices
teaching should be for both caregivers and caretakers.

Author (s) Details

Col. Sunil Jain,
Department of Paediatrics, Command Hospital Central Command, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Prof (Dr) Col. Rajeev Kumar Thapar
Department of Paediatrics, Command Hospital Central Command, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/260