Relationship of BMI and rs12255372 TCF7L2 Polymorphism on the Conversion to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Lactating Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 13

Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) have a high risk of developing postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several reports have shown that approximately 50% of women with GDM will develop diabetes within 5 years. There are other risk factors for postpartum diabetes as a family history of diabetes, pre-pregnancy and postpartum body mass index, dietary patterns, physical activity, and breastfeeding. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between BMI and rs12255372 TCF7L2 polymorphisms in the conversion to T2DM in lactating women with pGDM. One hundred and fifty-three women con pGDM were recruited from public hospitals of León, Guanajuato, México. Three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM after the oral glucose tolerance test were formed. All women were interviewed and asked about their glycemic control and the time since their last glucose test. Serum glucose concentrations and lipid profiles were measured using enzymatic methods with an analyser. Metabolic and hormone variables were measured, and genotyping was performed. The questionnaire included data on lactation (yes/no), duration of lactation, and full lactation. After 35 (21–49) months from the last partum, 54% of women had an NGT, 30.7% IGT, and 15% T2DM. BMI and rs12255372 are associated with the risk of conversion to IGT and T2DM [OR = 1.07 (95% IC 1.0–1.14, p = 0 .041, OR = 2.14, 95% IC 1.01–4.55, p = 0 .04 respectively), while the lactation shows a strong protective effects OR = 0.15 (95% IC 0.062–0.39, p = 0.00007), and an apparent interaction with rs12255372T decreasing the risk in carriers (OR = 2.15, 95% IC 0.97–4.7, p = 0 .05). BMI is an independent risk factor of IGT/T2DM development. Both sporadic and long-term breastfeeding are associated with a lower risk of T2DM and a better metabolic profile in women with a history of GDM. The multivariate analysis revealed that both BMI and the rs12255372 predicted the conversion to IGT and T2DM in women with pGDM.  The lactation shows a strong protective effect and a possible interaction with rs12255372 polymorphism. In conclusion, it means that lactation and polymorphism share variability by means of an interaction of an unidentified nature. Further studies are necessary to confirm a possible interaction of rs12255372 TCF7L2 with full breastfeeding and lactation duration.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ruth Reyes-López
Department of Medical Sciences, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Leon Campus, Mexico.

 

Elva Perez-Luque
Department of Medical Sciences, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Leon Campus, Mexico.

 

Juan Manuel Malacara
Department of Medical Sciences, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Leon Campus, Mexico.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v13/5153

Association of IL-17A Gene Polymorphism and Its Influence on Serum IL-17A & IL-6 Levels in Diabetes with Chronic Periodontitis Patients | Book Publisher International

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important cytokine which involved in the regulation of host immune response in systemic and periodontal infection. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by Th-17 cells and activate neutrophils which lead to chemokine expression. IL-17& IL-6 cytokines are reported to be associated with inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, airway mucin secretion, asthma and type 1 & 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis.This study was done to find out whether there is any association between IL-17A & 6 cytokines and IL-17A gene polymorphism (Alleles) of chronic periodontitis in type 1 & 2 diabetes patients.This study was done on 359 subjects, and consists of 6 groups and these are group 1 which included of 28 patients from type I diabetes with periodontitis. The group-2 was patients from type 1 diabetes and without chronic periodontitis, there were 71 type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis in group 3 while 76 patients were included in group 4 and they had only type 2 diabetes. In the same way, there were total of 78 non diabetic patients in the group-5 with only chronic periodontitis. The last group 6 consists of nondiabetic patients and the sample size for this group was 78 patients and no one has periodontitis. The study showed that IL-17A polymorphism is significantly more associated with type 1 diabetes patients with chronic periodontitis (group-1). Individuals carrying the positive IL-17A genotype have greater risk for T1DM with periodontitis. IL-17A & 6 cytokines level used to identify the severity of the periodontal destruction with diabetes mellitus and It can consider as biomarker for disease activity.

Author(s) Details:

P. K. Sasikumar,
Department of Periodontics, JKKN Dental College and Hospital, JKKN Allied Health Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sheeja S. Varghese,
Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/AIGPIISIILDCPP/article/view/13257