Migraine Prophylaxis: Comparing the Effect of Propranolol and Lisinopril | Chapter 8 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 7

Background: Migraine is the most common and highly disabling neurological disorder. It is characterized by headaches, having at least five attacks that last 4–72 h, that are unilateral, pulsating, moderate or severe in intensity and aggravated by or cause avoidance of routine physical activity and are also accompanied by nausea/vomiting, and photophobia. Treatment of headaches can be either abortive or prophylactic. Here meaning of prophylactic treatment is to reduce the frequency or severity of headaches. Very few studies have been done regarding the safety and efficacy of lisinopril in migraine prophylaxis so the study focuses on prophylactic therapy for migraine.

 

Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was (i) to compare the effect of propranolol and lisinopril in migraine as prophylaxis and (ii) to assess the adverse drug reaction of lisinopril.

 

Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational, open-label, and comparative study. Sixty outpatients diagnosed with Migraine in the medicine department, HIMS Hassan, and willing to give consent are included for 3 months. Thirty Patients/group, Group 1 – Lisinopril 5 mg/day od (once daily) and Group 2 – Propranolol 20 mg t.i.d. (three times a day) given regular treatment. All the patients were provided with a migraine diary and advised to record the number of attacks of migraine. Patients were followed up at the end of 1st and 3rd months. The change in the migraine frequency and pain intensity was checked (Visual Analog Scale) and also adverse drug reaction. All collected data were entered into an Excel Sheet and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used.

 

Results: Migraine episodes and headache severity index were reduced by 84% and 43%, with lisinopril compared with propranolol. Other side effects were dizziness and, a tendency to faint was more with propranolol. Days with migraine were reduced in 11 participants for lisinopril. Eight patients reported an adverse effect like cough during lisinopril therapy.

 

Conclusion: Lisinopril has better prophylactic therapy in migraine. The smaller sample size and short duration of follow-up were the limitations of the study, highlighting the need for future studies on the efficacy of lisinopril for migraine prophylaxis.

 

Author (s) Details

Neelamma P
Department of Pharmacology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

 

Nalini GK
Department of Pharmacology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

 

Suresh RM
Department of Medicine, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

 

Deepak P
Department of Pharmacology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

Sahana GN
Department of Pharmacology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

 

Jayashree VN
Department of Pharmacology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

 

Bhavishya Keerthi Anna Valder
Department of Pharmacology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v7/2338

A Review on Various Non-Pharmacological Treatments in Migraine | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

Migraine is a neurological condition characterized by excruciating headaches, typically on one side or sometimes both sides, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and noise. It is a severe and debilitating brain disorder that is rated as the sixth most disabling condition worldwide by the World Health Organization and the most disabling among all neurological disorders. Although the exact causes of migraines remain unknown, there are a wide variety of environmental and biological variables that might bring on these painful headaches. Our research in this publication centred on non-pharmacological treatments for migraines, namely those that lessen the migraine's frequency, length, and severity of pain. Some of these methods include making changes to one's diet (such as adhering to a ketogenic diet, maintaining a healthy weight, eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, avoiding foods that may trigger migraines, increasing magnesium intake through foods high in fibre, and using ginger, which contains bioactive compounds that can alleviate acute migraines). While yoga may relieve discomfort, exercise or physical activity can sometimes set it off. Anybody can do these treatments in the comfort of their own home.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Indira Paudel
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Sakshi Chaturvedi
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Bimala Subba
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Preeti
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Roshni Soni
Faculty of Nursing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v11/3788

Visual Evoked Potential in Migraine with Aura | Chapter 1 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 1

 Twelve percent of the world’s population suffers from migraines. A sizable portion of the world’s population suffers from migraines with aura. The purpose of this research is to describe the findings of a case-control study that was carried out to gain a better understanding of how migraine with aura manifests. The research looked at the P100 delay of the visual-evoked potential in both eyes of 92 healthy people and 44 patients who suffered from migraines with visual aura. All of the participants in the study were recruited from King Fahad University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The information that was gathered was analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 21 and descriptive statistics were produced as a result. Both sets of people had the same ancestry and originated from the same location. Patients who suffered from migraines with aura exhibited a significantly shorter P100 delay in both eyes compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001), which is evidence that their early visual processing was distinct. In order to arrive at these findings, we compared people who suffer from migraines with aura to people who do not suffer from migraines and used them as subjects. This study might improve migraine treatment outcomes by understanding key biological processes and risk factors and creating personalized treatment plans that may help doctors to alleviate migraine symptoms and minimize their frequency and intensity. These findings also contribute to the ongoing attempts to bring the disease under control and provide vitally significant new information regarding the functioning of headaches with auras. The primary focus of study in the future should be on determining the nature of the connection between issues with early visual processing and headaches with aura.

 

Author (s) details:-

 

Foziah J. Alshamrani
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Mona Hmoud AlSheikh
Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

Noora Almuslim
Neurology Department, King Fahad University Hospital, Dammam, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Hatem Al Azman
Neurology Department, King Fahad University Hospital, Dammam, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Fahad Alkhamis
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Saima Nazis Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Hind Alnajashi
Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abdulla Alsulaiman
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v1/3440G

Current Updates on Migrane: Diagnosis and Management | Chapter 8 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 9

 Migraine is more than just a headache; it is a complex, poorly understood neurovascular condition. Due to the pathological mechanisms connecting cortical depolatization, brainstem dysfunction, meningeal vasodilatation, and activation of sensory pain areas as distant as the cervical nucleus caudalis, it manifests with a wide range of symptoms. Patients typically employ over-the-counter drugs such triptans, compound analgesics, or ergot derivatives in the treatment of migraines. Patients with headaches are a typical complaint among doctors. Therefore, a definite diagnosis of migraine can be achieved swiftly and securely when the patient is approached logically. We have made an effort to describe the less well-understood features of this condition in this chapter, including its pathogenesis, management, and most recent developments in terms of treatment.

Author(s) Details:

B. Niveditha,
Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.

Mutum Sangeeta Devi,
Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India.

Khumukcham Sophia,
Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal, India.

D. K. S Lakshminrusimhan,
R.V.S Dental College, Coimbatore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V9/article/view/8015

Electroencephalographic Findings in Patients with Migraine | Chapter 19 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

Common and incapacitating, migraine is an illness that places a heavy personal strain on patients and a heavy financial load on society. Migraine sufferers are significantly limited in all facets of their everyday life, including job, domestic duties, and leisure activities. A systematic approach to categorization and diagnosis is a crucial prerequisite for clinical care and fruitful research because there are many different illnesses that can cause headaches. Nowadays, individuals with migraine are regularly examined with the Electroencephalogram (EEG). Some migraine sufferers experience high voltage aberrant slow-wave activity. Basilar migraine has been associated with a variety of atypical EEG patterns, such as 1) excessive beta activity during the ictal phase in children, 2) a predominance of delta activity during the headache attack, and 3) normal EEG throughout the assault. 4. Unusual connection of acute confusional state with FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity) during migraine attack. 3. Slowdown in the posterior area or slowing with spikes and sharp wave complexes 54–56.

Author (s) Details:

Tapaswini Mishra,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Dipti Mohapatra,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Priyambada Panda,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Arati Meher,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Ellora Devi,
Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V9/article/view/7457

Visual Evoked Potentials and Effect of Relaxation Technique in Patients with Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study | Chapter 8 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

This cross-sectional comparative study compared 15 cases of migraine (without aura) to 15 cases of migraine (without aura) treated with only medication in group A, 15 cases of migraine (without aura) treated with Rajyoga meditation and deep breathing in group B, and 15 cases of age-matched healthy individuals. The interictal phase was used for this study. The most striking finding was that while P100 (ms) in group B decreased at post-test in both eyes (even though this was not statistically significant), P100 (ms) in group A significantly increased at post-test. Although P100-N75 (mu v) increased in both groups, neither group's rise was statistically significant. Regarding the right eye, For the P100 and N145 latencies, repeated comparisons using the Tukey test and one-way ANOVA indicated significant results both across and within groups. There was no difference at all with the left eye. We come to the conclusion that deep breathing and Rajyoga meditation can be utilised in addition to conventional migraine therapy. We support the continuous use of these measures in an effort to lessen the prevalence of assaults and ultimately eradicate the issue.

Author (s) Details:

Dalia A. Biswas,
Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

Meghana A. Gaikwad,
Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V1/article/view/7428

Saussurea lappa: Possible Relief for Migraine Patients | Chapter 9 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 10

 Migraine headaches are a highly prevalent condition. Individual productivity loss as a result of migraines has social and economic consequences for society, and migraine treatment has major economic and social consequences as well. Saussurea lappa root has been utilised for medical purposes since ancient times because it has a variety of therapeutic benefits as a headache cure. This research looked at the effects of Saussurea lappa on migraine sufferers in a clinical trial. Before and after therapy, blood samples were tested to determine liver, kidney, and haematological parameters. Because serotonin and its precursor tryptophan, magnesium, and calcium have a role in migraine development, their amounts were measured before and after treatment. The 42 participants were separated into three groups: Group I (22 patients) received Saussurea lappa treatments (1 g/500 ml/day); Group II (controls) received the same therapy with the same dose of Saussurea lappa; and Group III (patients) received antimigraine medicines (Amitriptyline 20 mg/day and Ibuprofen 400 mg/day). Except for calcium, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of liver, renal function, or haematological markers before or after treatment. Headaches are commonly linked to high calcium levels. The results showed that after therapy with Saussurea lappa, calcium levels in patients reduced, indicating that this root may have an effect on headache relief via lowering calcium levels. Because magnesium and serotonin, as well as its precursor tryptophan, are both significantly reduced during migraines, this study looked at both. After two weeks of treatment, the control group had higher magnesium and serotonin levels, while patients had slightly lower levels after treatment with Saussurea lappa. This could be owing to the fact that the treatment was not lengthy enough to yield meaningful results. Saussurea lappa was proven to be a safe and effective alternative treatment drug in this investigation. Saussurea lappa, migraine, and serotonin are the key words.

Author (S) Details

Wadiah Saleh Backer
King Abdulaziz University, Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 42737, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia.

Amin A. Aljefri
King Abdulaziz University, Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 42737, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia.

Najwa Alsawy
King Abdulaziz University, Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 42737, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia.

Lina Baz
King Abdulaziz University, Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 42737, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V10/article/view/2629